Mathematics

Mathematics was the field of study of numbers, accounting, computations, patterns, structures, and geometry.

Uses
In its most mundane form, mathematics was useful in tallying a business's profits and losses, pay for employees and soldiers, and tax to a government.

Magical Significance
A related field was numerology, which dealt with the mystical and magical significance of numbers, such as a person's favorite number, full name, and their time and place of birth. Numerology was used for divinations that would tell the ideal time for an important action, ceremony, or decree, and in its highest form to find doorways to other planes. One example was the spell personal reading, which provided details of a person based on name, date, and place of birth.

The Numbers Cult was a secret society in Chessenta active around 1357 DR that worked to define magic in terms of mathematics. They believed the resulting equations would conquer the world, but their basic premise was apparently based on a fallacy.

However, the digitalogists of Zakhara succeeded in finding the link between numbers and magic and evoked spells through complex mathematical functions and numerology. They had total control over their spells as a result.

Religious Significance
The myth of the Pact Primeval told that numbers were created by the first gods of law to track the many demons of chaos they slew. They also created time to tell them how long the war would last. With these, they suspected the ranks of demons were infinite.

The Numbers sphere provided divine spells that revealed the mathematical underpinnings to many aspects of reality.

Shrines to Ubtao, such as that at the aarakocra monastery of Kir Sabal, could be decorated with floral and mathematical symbols.

Notable Mathematicians

 * Main: Category:Mathematicians

Gina bint Kemala of Huzuz, Zakhara, was a mystic who drew her power from the perfection of mathematics and practicing al-jebr w'al muqabala, or "the art of knitting opposites" together. Her collection of algebraic texts was the largest in the Land of Fate, with volumes from Afyal, the Haunted Lands, the Ruined Kingdoms, and even a few drow works. Her research revealed references to lost mathematical texts, and she often used her research budget to hire adventurers to retrieve them from ruins in dangerous places.

One of the great Faerûnian mathematicians of the 14 century was Furier, who was the tutor of the almost-as-great Bezier of Waterdeep.

The Itza wise men at Tulom-Itzi in Maztica had developed just about the most advanced mathematics on Toril.

Zakhara had highly sophisticated systems of numbers and mathematics.

The Mathematicians were a splinter group of the Fraternity of Order dedicated to working out the secret principles of the plane of Mechanus.

Education
The University of Cimbar in Chessenta taught mathematics in one of its colleges in the mid–14 century DR.

In Huzuz, schools for tax collectors included mathematics among their courses.

Sages specialized in mathematics could be found in Waterdeep around 1358 DR.

Collections of books on mathematics could be found in various libraries, such as in the Great Library of Perpustakaan in Tempat Larang, in Kir Sabal in Chult, and those of Hudid in Zakhara.

Languages
The Infernal language had mathematically exact grammar. It also had a set of characters devoted to numbers and mathematical symbols, making it effective for accounting.

Creatures
Moignos were two-dimensions beings of Mechanus composed entirely of mathematical equations. They were super-intelligent and dedicated to calculating an exact value of pi.