Disease

A disease was a detrimental medical condition that was not an injury.

Description
A disease could be transmitted in various ways: injury, ingestion, inhalation, mere contact, etc. Some were also caused by parasites. Creatures exposed to a disease ran the risk of becoming infected unless their immune system could fight it off. If the exposed individual lacked a strong enough constitution, the disease took hold. After an incubation period, the disease showed its symptoms, which persisted until the host was cured of the disease or died of it.

Both ordinary disease as well as parasitic infections were generally more common in hotter and wetter climates and in filthy or crowded conditions. Contagious diseases spread readily in heavily or densely populated cities throughout Toril&mdash;where filthy sewers provided even more ideal conditions for a variety of maladies to thrive &mdash;as well as along heavily trafficked trade routes. When new or unknown diseases arose, most often this happened in rural or frontier settlements where the people encountered previously unknown afflictions while interacting with remote insects, beasts, and plants.

There was a generally important distinction between diseases which were "natural" and those which were "supernatural" or otherwise magical in origin. Natural diseases were acquired by mundane means, so even the most exotic of them could be treated (although perhaps not cured) with traditional or nonmagical care. Mundane fevers could usually be cured if treatment was provided in a timely manner, although the role of ordinary medicine in the case of many diseases or parasitic infections was simply to slow the course of the malady to allow for the body to recover naturally or to buy time until magical healing could be obtained. Meanwhile, supernatural diseases were generally incurable or untreatable with natural or normal medical efforts. Such magical diseases were often spread by magical creatures, such as lycanthropes or mummies.

Diseases in Society
Whenever a disease struck in Faerûn, or wherever folk feared that it would, they prayed and made offerings to the goddess Talona, the Mistress of Disease and Mother of Plagues. A common practice was to drip three drops of blood or tears&mdash;in homage to her holy symbol of three droplets in a triangle pattern&mdash;into or onto something or someone that was diseased, such as the mouth of a sick person, a tainted well, or blighted crops. For many folk, such acts of observance were seen as an obligation to placate the capricious goddess rather than a desire to venerate her. The Church of Talona had a tenuous relationship with most other folk of Faerûn: on one hand, they were blessed with an immunity to disease, which made them valued doctors and healers in times of sickness. On the other hand, they were known to spread sickness themselves, especially to those they felt had disrespected their goddess, and this made them generally feared and disliked. Open worship of Talona was even banned in some places, such as in Waterdeep during the late 15 century DR.

The most well-known diseases in Faerûn included the so-called Five Fevers and Three Plagues.

Prevention and Treatment
When it came to practical means of preventing or treating diseases, most people in Faerûn had no real medical knowledge and therefore relied on past experience, either re-using methods that had helped themselves or close associates in the past or seeking the counsel of elders and the like. In general, folk had at least some shared understanding about how certain diseases were transmitted, and a baseline agreement about the importance of cleanliness, rest, and the use of purgatives to treat illness. The importance of caregiving was also widely accepted, especially in regards to keeping the ill covered (or at least out of direct sunlight), treating them gently, keeping them hydrated, and administering herbal medicines and potions. Beyond this, however, there were many disagreements about treatment methods, which was the case for at least two main reasons: first, there was the aforementioned reliance on personal experience&mdash;which could differ between individuals or groups&mdash;and second, there was false information that was intentionally spread. While some falsehoods were spread by evil factions with the goal of causing strife&mdash;such as by followers of Talona &mdash;other times they were spread by otherwise benevolent factions or churches&mdash;such as the Guild of Apothecaries and Physicians of Waterdeep &mdash;in an effort to exert political influence or to secure more coin for healing services.

Most medicines were nonmagical, even if they were called "potions" by common folk (mundane bottled medicines were more appropriately called "psychics"), and most of these were made from herbs. Almost all folk in Faerûn had some basic familiarity with at least a few herbal remedies passed down through family, and many folk kept herbs in their homes (both fresh and dried, for there was generally little medicinal difference). In addition, even very small settlements often had an herbalist with knowledge about herbal remedies, and larger settlements tended to have at least one apothecary and perhaps a hedge wizard or a local priest who could provide similar knowledge even if they could not provide magical aid. Some herbal medicines known or thought to aid in treating diseases included: the bark of a felsul tree to quell nausea and ease sore throat, harlthorn boiled with hoof-leaf to soothe both delirium and skin rashes, tatterskyre bark to thicken the blood and staunch internal bleeding, and tonandurr bark to prevent infections in open wounds.

Plagues
On Toril, widespread plagues were mostly a problem of the past by the 14 century DR. The main reason for this was that diseases turned into widespread plagues when a population had never encountered them before, and most people were the descendants of survivors of plagues&mdash;and had inherited immunities from their ancestors&mdash;or had been exposed to various diseases since childhood and therefore developed immunities. Toril also had a long history of interspecies intermingling and crossbreeding, which boosted the population's resistance to disease.

Another reason why plagues were contained was that preventive measures were taken by priesthoods and rulers. This was done either through official enforcement, by secretly mixing medical substances into food and water, or collective action to contain outbreaks. For example, churches could band together stop a deadly plague in its tracks with few casualties, as happened with an outbreak of spotted plague in Iriaebor in 1367 DR. People who were obviously afflicted with a terrible disease might also simply be killed as a precaution, at least in frontier regions. On the Sea of Fallen Stars, it was a widespread practice that a ship carrying plague would signal this by smearing blood or red paint on their sails. In response, other vessels would provide clerical healing if available, otherwise they were advised to burn the plague ship to the waterline with fire arrows or spells.

The exception to the rule that plagues were no longer a problem was the goddess Talona. Whenever she felt that her power or faith was waning, she was prone to inflict a plague on the land or at least on a city that she felt had slighted her church.

Common Diseases
The most common or well-known diseases in Faerûn were:

Other notable diseases included:

Regional Diseases
Regional or localized diseases included:

Plagues and Unique Diseases
Notable plagues or other unique diseases included:

Non-Humanoid Diseases
Diseases affecting creatures other than humanoids included: