Witch doctor

A witchdoctor was a rare distinct variation of shaman, which combined the divine abilities of shamanism with a limited use of wizardly arcane magic.

Culture
Witch doctors most commonly arose in rural, humanoid cultures with tribal affectations. Witch doctors were almost never found in the same tribe as standard shamans,  some exceptions being neanderthal tribes and the Nubari tribe the Wise Ones.

They typically held positions of great influence in their tribes. They often acted as advisors to their chiefs, giving counsel and support. Among orc communities, they were often the most powerful members, rivaled only by orc shamans. Having a retinue of guards and being counted on to give the chieftain advice on matters of warfare and inter-tribal relations. It was not uncommon for them to inherit the position of chieftain themselves or to usurp their chieftain. How witch doctors of any race usurped their chieftain varied, with some being overt in killing them or being subtle through use of charms.

Witch doctors were often secretive, going to great lengths to preserve their power, usually by means of deception or trickery. Despite this, they were known to take up one or more apprentices, passing down the arcane spells that they know. Only one of a witch doctor's apprentices would inherit their mantle upon their death or retirement, however, the others being either banished from their tribe or killed.

Racial Practitioners
Besides orcs, the humanoids that practiced this tradition included bullywugs, dakon, fire trolls, the various standard goblinoid races,   gnolls and flinds,   grimlocks, half-ogres, half-orcs, hybsils, koalinths, kobolds,   lizardfolk,  minotaurs, ogres  and Ice Spire ogres, orogs, vegepygmies, wemics, and xvarts.

Witch doctors were extremely rare among giants, though ones could be found among fire giants, frost giants, fog giants, and mountain giants. And beyond humanoids, humans and neanderthals could be found practicing this tradition.

Practition by Region
Orcs communities that practiced this tradition could be found in the North, the Thousand Fists tribe in the Nether Mountains, the Goblin Marches, and the Storm Horns. Also in the North, the tribal humans known as Ice Hunters practiced this tradition, with the most ancient of them having limited use of powerful ice, snow, and cold magics. In southwest Faerûn, witch doctors could be found among tribes in Chultan Peninsula, where they often purchased mined materials from the local Chultan dwarves.

Beyond Faerûn, witch doctors could be found in parts of the continent of Kara-Tur. In T'u Lung, witch doctors were locally referred to as kio ton mu and were typically members of cults, such as the Black Leopard Cult. On the Malatran Plateau, witch doctors could be found in the tribes of the various races that inhabited it, but were rarer and more powerful compared to the Plateau's shamans. The Plateau's shu tribes for example, those with five or more families typically had a witch doctor. And in the Southern Ocean, witch doctors could be found among the Island Kingdoms.

In the land of Zakhara, the maskhi had male witch doctors that typically specialized in the arcane provinces of sand and wind. And beyond surface worlds, they could be found on goblinoid spelljammers.

Practition by Faith
In terms of religions, humanoid witch doctors could be found in service of evil-aligned demihuman or human deities, such as Auril or Bhaal in the case of the orcs of the Trollmoors. Among the humanoid deities, witch doctors were in service of the Goblinoid pantheon, Kurtulmak, the Orc pantheon, Vaprak. The Giant pantheon did not have witch doctors, but a few unusual cults among giants did have them.

Much like warlocks, witch doctors could also be servitors of powerful non-deity entities. In terms of fiends, witch doctors could be found in service of archdevils, demon lords, and greater daemons, like the demon lord Yeenoghu. Rarely, good-aligned witch doctors were patrons of modrons or solars. And on the Malatran Plateau, human and humanoid witch doctors were servitors of the spirits of the land. The witch doctors of the Plateau's saru led their people in ancestral worship. And witch doctors of the Ice Hunters were in service of their people's beast totems.

Abilities
Witch doctors were often proficient in the fields of astrology, herbalism, agriculture, dancing, singing, winemaking, the brewing of crude alcoholic beverages, and alchemy. Humanoid witch doctors skilled in alchemy were capable of brewing potions with the effects of cure blindness, cure disease, cure light wounds, neutralize poison, resist fear, resist fire, and spell immunity. Those most skilled in alchemy were capable of constructing a homunculus.

Witch doctors drew their clerical spells from up to three spheres, while their arcane spells were limited to a single school of magic. The arcane spells of a witch doctor were kept within a spellbook, though those on the Malatran Plateau did not. They liberally utilized their spells in order to maintain their tribe's confidence in their power.

The spells wielded by humanoid witch doctors of evil deities were typically offensive and defensive, rather than curative. Some favorite spells of theirs included cause light wounds, chant, and dispel magic. The few curative spells they had were kept for use after battles or for use by a tribe's chieftain. Those who were servitors of good or neutral deities had more balanced spell selections and were more likely to use their powers to directly benefit their tribe as a whole. Evil humanoid shamans could typically control skeletons and zombies, but almost never had access to necromancy spells, while good and neutral ones could turn them.

Like any spellcaster, they could man a spelljamming helm.

Possessions
Much like a wizard, witch doctors never wore armor. The spellbooks carried by humanoid witch doctors were often crude and bulky tablets of poor-quality paper or wood. This was due to the difficulty of obtaining expensive parchment, their inability to afford improving them, or lack of skill necessary to improve them.

Witch doctors often had magical items, including cursed ones like a necklace of strangulation, and scrolls. They could even wield items that were usually restricted to wizards. Much like spells, a witch doctor liberally utilized their magical items in order to maintain their tribe's confidence in their power. Because of this, they often seized and hoarded all such suspected magical items brought into their tribe.

History
Before the rise of Netheril, witch doctors were among the few human spellcasters on Toril.

In the, witch doctors of Gruumsh were among the orc forces in the Dark Alliance that assembled to assault Northkeep.

Notable Witch Doctors

 * Bengoukee, a nubari witch doctor and chief advisor of Chief Bagoomba.
 * Intulik
 * Kinondra, a fire giant witch doctor that acted as a leader of such giants in the Deepwing Mountains.
 * Ras T'fima
 * Redeye

Appearances

 * Novels
 * The Radiant Dragon
 * Video Games
 * Pool of Radiance: Ruins of Myth Drannor