Murghôm was an inland nation of farmers and horsemen in East Faerûn north of Brightstar Lake.[7] Before the 15th century DR, it was theoretically a subjugated territory of Mulhorand, having been a part of Mulhorand in the past. However, Murghôm was an independent nation, rival to Semphar.[11][7][12] In the 15th century DR, Murghôm became a nation ruled by dragons.[3]
Geography[]
With their position beside Taan, Murghôm was surrounded by Thay, the Great Wild Wood, Brightstar Lake, the Plains of Purple Dust and Mulhorand.[3][14] If a traveler were to look in the direction of the Copper Mountains they would see plowlands with wheat and other crops waiting to be reaped, livestock pasturing on the cleared green hills, walled stone houses, a vista of green upland stretching away, culminating in frost-crowned mountains.[15] Prairies were the dominant ecosystems in the regions surrounding Brightstar Lake.[16]
Semphar[]
The eastern half of the princedoms, Semphar was bordered by the eastern shores of Brightstar Lake in the west, Godswatch Mountains in the east, Shalhoond in the north and the Raurin Alta in the south.[17][18]The nation was a land that cultivated magical study and one of the center points of trade between Kara Tur and Faerun, filling up the coffers from every mercantile exchange. In all other aspects, whatever else can be said about Semphar can also be said about Murghôm and vice versa.[19]Murghôm attempted to annex Semphar several times throughout its history.[20] In the end, the two nations became one land under the draconic banner after the Spellplague.[18]
Flora & Fauna[]
Fearsome dire horses were known to roam its wilderness, inspiring fear, awe, folk tales, and even cultist veneration.[21] Murghôm was also home to dragons, wyverns, perytons and a great deal of wild heard beasts which were hunted by the former.[22] There have also been several sightings of named phoenixes throughout Murghôm's history that were immortalized in the folktales of the people.[23]
Undead creatures and other monsters were a common sight in the grasslands, haunting and terrorizing the plains from the forest of Shalhoond to the infested northern coast of Gbor Nor where the largest numbers could be found.[14]
Orcs and goblins dwelled in the abandoned shafts in the Mountains of Copper.[24]
Defenses[]
Murghôm's armies were composed of fast light cavalry units of horse archers and horse lancers. The mounted units would harass enemy forces by charging at full speed towards their targets and disengaging immediately upon delivering damage.[8]
During the wars between Thay and Mulhorand, the pass of Thazar was used as an eastern approach to Thay.[25] In the mid-14th century DR, Thay sent occassional pirates into Murghôm.[26] Privateers from Murghom were a constant threat to Dhaztanar around the same time.[27]
Murghôm was too poorly administered to combat the bandits in the Mountains of Copper, and thus limited itself to patrolling the most traveled roads.[28] Zindalankh was under the protection of the Bey of Murghôm, but the citizens paid little mind to his laws.[29] Mercenaries in the service of king Tharmakkas IV viewed the soldiers stationed at Port Ghaast as pompous, unprofessional fools. They were neither very motivated nor highly trained.[30]
Under the rule of the dragon princes of Murghôm, the nation issued permits for mercenary companies of 40 or fewer veterans. All were formed by former Murghômi commanders as the nation's armed forces were reduced by the dragon princes' decrees over the decades. Murghômi mercenary companies were forbidden from banding together while on the nation's lands or its immediate neighbors, like Thay. In the 15th century DR, some of the noteworthy mercenary companies were Naelor's Banner, based out of Nimjammir, Shaele's Shields, based out of Vurlakh under the command of Shaele Flamehair, and Turvuld's Swords in Sessim.[31]
Nearly all dragon princes commanded several formations of 30 light cavalry horse archers. They were equipped with light javelins (which they only threw and rarely used them for close quarters combat), were capable of moving fast with high degrees of mobility, while being dangerous both on the mount and on the ground. Additional equipment included: handaxe or shortsword, shields (often worn on the back) and daggers at belt and down boot. Gate-guardians and mansion doorguards were the only ones known to have ever used plate armor on a frequent basis. [32]
Government[]
During the age of ancient Netheril, Murghôm was thought to have been ruled by the family of the then mortal Myrkul, known at the time as Myrkul Bey al-Kursi, the Crown Prince of Murghôm.[33]
Before the 15th century, the leaders of the Murghômi were called atamans. The state was a series of semi-autonomous communities that gathered into collective government only in times of war.[9] Murghôm was nominally ruled by a king from the city of Murghyr whose law was enforced by the nation's army, but as of 1359 DR the king was a senile old man with little control over the country and the Murghôm army was composed mostly of shady mercenaries.[9] The Mulhorandi precept of Ganath had his post located in Murghyr, and he doubled as the ambassador to Murghôm. It was considered cushy, a good place to get away from politics. In 1357 DR, the post was held by Imthalos.[1]
Emirs were governors of a city or village. In at least one instance, the emir was served by sheriffs known as maliks who in turn commanded the civil watch. One emir in Semphar's Iliphanar had a far larger number of troops and his own spy network in order to protect the Silk Road while Murghôm's Tarman the Old was a demented man of old age who did little for the city and allowed the merchants to run amuck. From these examples one can conclude that the powers of the emir varied case by case. [34]
The Bey of Murghôm had the power to appoint emirs to rule over a location the bey specifies.[35] Furthermore, the bey can rule and enact laws in a city, offering protection in return. To attack a city that is under the Bey's protection is considered a declaration of war against Murghôm.[36]
After the Spellplague[]
That changed in the 15th century DR, when Murghôm was "conquered" by dragons. As of 1489 DR,[37] the nation was ruled by the powerful dragon princes.[3]
Each dragon was attended by human viziers and chamberlains who were ordered to limit the number of guardsmen in favor of surveillance webs which minimized the chances of humans preforming self-directed undertakings. Foreign adventurers were spied upon while items that piqued the dragon's interest were confiscated such as gold, gems, magic or any other item the dragon might adore. Adventuring companies could not seek out permanent residence and were given death sentences if they threatened to inflict harm on any dragon prince, but this draconian punishment was not given to those who threatened their human subjects and landless dragons.[8]
For preserving the safety and security of their citizens, the dragons demanded monthly tribute.[18]
Foreign Relations[]
Murghôm was for many centuries under Mulhorand's occupation and cultural influence. After regaining its independence, the horsemen became vassals of Mulhorand.[38][39] Following the Time of Troubles and the death of the Untheric god Gilgeam, pharaoh Horustep III unleashed the Untheric Crusade, creating the short lived "Third Mulhorandi Empire". This upsurge of Mulhorandi imperialism made the ruling powers of Murghôm fearful of losing their autonomy and were considering taking a chance at full independence or in other words open rebellion.[40] In a twist of fate, the Third Mulhorandi Empire fell in the cataclysmic event that was the Spellplague, marking the end of Murghôm's vasal status and the beginning of becoming an independent and powerful nation under the Dragon Princes.[41][42] With the dismantlement of the magocratic regime during the Mulhorandi rebellion,[43] the newly reestablished nation ultimately became a rival to its daughter state and the wyrms that governed it.[8]
Even with their rivalry, Murghôm was willing to ignore any slights when it came to Mulhorand's conflict with Thay, aiding the nation so that it can always draw the attention of the Zulkirs away from Murghôm. This policy of anti-Thayan aid also extended to Aglarond and Rashemen, although the Rashemaar were to proud to admit that they receive help from others in their war against Thaymount.[44]
Undercover agents of Empress Ususi Manaallin of High Imaskar frequently snuck into the scattered ruins in the vicinity of Brightstar Lake to retrieve the ancient artifacts in them, while the dragons, fully aware of what was happening, "blessed" their expeditions and readied themselves to confiscate the goods once they were uncovered.[18] The Dragon Princes of Murghôm in the Year of the Dark Circle 1478 DR sent privateers to aid High Imaskar in its never ending conflict with Chessenta, taking gold and favorable trade deals with the artificers as payment, allowing Murghômi merchants to sail the river Rauthenflow without a toll and access to the Alamber Sea.[45]
Tymanther held no love for Murghôm, their history with the dragons in Abeir made them believe that all dragons lean towards tyranny and oppression, the dragon princes being no exception. This hatred made them suspicious of any deals made with Murghôm, suspecting possible double crosses and trojan horses, and deteriorated diplomatic contact with nations that ignored those risks, even with friendly countries such as High Imaskar.[45]
Murghômi had multiple conflicts with the Red Wizards of Thay, shielding their Mulhorandi suzerains from Thayan attacks, sometimes to their own detriment.[25][26][46][47] The mere presence of the dragon princes kept Szass Tam's imperialist plans against Mulhorand, Rashemen and Aglarond at bay.[48] Too busy plotting schemes and too blinded by arrogance, many members of the Thayan ruling class did not see the threat the dragon princes posed, leaving them vulnerable against princes that meddled in their affairs. One such prince was Harmauth (Harmauthantildarr) who took upon the task of subverting Thay but didn't plan to rule over it.[49] Szass Tam would frequently hire Murghomi mercenaries against neighboring nations in order to avoid a war on multiple fronts, but would only command over one mercenary company at any given moment so not to anger the dragon rulers. Although the missions often had high causalities associated with them, the pay was good and appropriate with Tam honoring every deal and transporting them to the Murghôm border through magical means when their business arrangement was over.[31] Affluent merchants and nobles were afraid of any potential war against Murghôm, believing that only a mad man would declare war against the forces of dragon kind and that the war would inevitably lead to ruin and death across Thay.[50]
History[]
The Imaskar Empire once controlled the entirety of the lands now known as Murghôm and Semphar until their downfall in −2488 DR during the Mulan Rebellion.[51] A local peak in the Mountains of Copper, called The Kobold Crown, was thought to have held a kobold civilization once, annihilated by 1368 DR.[52] The ancient city of Dharrmaghongh in Murghôm was leveled by a single rune of power in ancient times.[53][54]
Mulhorand used to encompass Murghôm[55] from its annexation[56] in −1500 DR.[10]
The Daggers of Dusk were known to have meddled in the affairs of Murghôm after the fall of the Shoon Dynasty, for a bit longer after 450 DR.[57]
The Havi attacks on Murghôm after the independence of Semphar greatly contributed to diminishing the Mulhorandi control of the area.[58] Though Murghôm was declared a vassal state once Mulhorand expanded again, their hold was tenuous, and Murghôm declared itself independent after Semphar did.[39] It remained effectively a vassal state of Mulhorand, however.[38]
Murghôm had a rivalry with Semphar, and had militarily disputed many territories between the rivers Ghaast and Haqar.[12] There had been two wars in which Murghôm attempted to reclaim Semphar.[30] It was semi-independent from Mulhorand, but would provide food or soldiers upon request. As of 1357 DR, it hadn't been requested in centuries.[12] Most of the incarnations of Mulhorand saw Murghôm as a land with no ties to them whatsoever.[12]
During the wars between Thay and Mulhorand, the pass of Thazar was used as an eastern approach to Thay.[25] In 1280 DR, a Thayan invasion lead by Zulkirs ravaged Murghôm in the course of their advance on Mulhorand.[46][47]
Per Elminster Aumar, the brothers Iraun and Srivven hailed from a mage academy in east Murghôm, which was destroyed in a conflict between students and mentors. The event must have happened well before the Year of the Arch, 1353 DR, when the brothers' stay at Adaerglast was known to the Mage Royal of Zindalankh.[59]
A group of escapees from Mulhorand and Thay who hid in the Ganathwood around 1367 DR had been at least partly destroyed after attacking a Murghômi village in 1369 DR by the druids Berun and Chereth.[60]
In the Year of True Omens the Copper Mountains were ravaged by a draconic plague that infected metallic dragons. The surviving dragons flew over the Great Wild Wood and began their "conquest" of Murghôm and Semphar. By the year of 1412 DR the entire region fell under full control of the Dragon Princes of Murghôm.[42][8]
Demographics[]
Inhabitants were referred to as Murghômi.[6] As of 1479 DR, the population was made up by dragons of many varieties and a large population of Mulani.[3]
Durpari were the largest human minority group in the nation followed by the Tuigan in second place.[61] Durparian merchants from the Shining South (hailing primarily from their native countries Durpar, Estagund and Var the Golden) were pressured by the unforgiving nature of the Raurin Desert to travel far and wide in order to reach Murghôm.[62]
Draconic bloodline innate magic users and Aasimar were prevalent in the populace, the former was the logical result of high concentrations of dragons in the region while the latter were remnants of the bygone age of Mulhorand's occupation.[63][64]
Elves established their lands and settlements in the forested regions of Northern Murghôm, deep within the forests of Shalhoond and Ganathwood. Wild elves of Yuirwood blood and heritage once held a civilization in Ganathwood but nothing remained of them other than ruins.[55] The two most notable realms were the sun elf kingdom of Narbeth on the north-eastern edge of the Great Wild Wood and the realm of Avaelearean in a hidden mountain valley at the south-easternmost side of the Copper Mountains where a stream of the purest water Elear("Eel-EAR") passes through the valley, down the mountain and out, forming scenic waterfalls and into the Great Wild Wood's green expanse.[65][66]
The dwarves of the Copper Mountains held on to their homes in the northern sides of the summits overlooking the Endless Wastes. Proud descendants of the dwarven kingdom that didn't bend the knee to the pharaohs of Mulhorand, their southern fortresses were destroyed by the fury of the god kings.[55]
Culture[]
Along with the Mulhorandi people, the Murghômi spoke Mulhorandi and revered the Mulhorandi pantheon[12] (as of 1372 DR[5]). Muhjuri was spoken in Murghôm, too.[67]Their knowledge of common was second-rate, enough to understand and engage in conversations, with a few pantomimes here and there when needed.[68]
Murghôm worshipped the Mulhorandi pantheon;[69] Thoth was considered the protector of Murghôm.[70] Though Thoth held the title of Protector of Murghôm, he had little interest in the land, as it held little interest in mages.[71] By 1371 DR, the Mulhorandi pantheon's flock was dwindling in Murghôm,[72] and there were only some temples in some isolated parts of the realm.[73] It was widely hypothesized that at least one great temple of Silvanus existed in the Great Wild Wood of Murghôm.[74] Curses and spells to safeguard tombs were favored in the area.[75]
After the Second Sundering, Murghômi continued to worship the Mulhorandi pantheon. Although culturally they were still Mulan, they no longer considered themselves as such because the vast majority of the population saw the Murghômi identity as separate and independent from other Mulan subgroups.[8]
The Muhjari faith and culture were also present, but the number of faithful paled in comparison to the eastern nation of Semphar which was considered the center of this Durpari strain.[76]
Followers of Clavrellin The Red Lantern, one of the Seven Stars of Selûne, protected Murghôm and the Dragon Princes from the machinations Szass Tam and those who wished harm upon dragon kind.[77] Alongside Clavrellin, another dragon and his cult sabotage Red Wizard operations in nations outside Thay's boundaries, the dragon putting special emphasis on stopping their plans in Murghôm. This dragon is non other than the member of the Draconic pantheon, the god of death and undeath Null who's followers circulated the theory that the god worked tirelessly to support the princedoms.[78]
The highly-valued[69] horse breeds of Murghôm descended from Raurin horses; Semphari horses were bred in Murghôm,[79] found mainly between that realm and Semphar.[80] The Murghômi were known for their skill with horses.[7] Their goads often had a whip on the back, and could be reversed for use as either.[81]
Giant sturgeon and caviar were considered as delicacies in the courts of Murghôm, and the fish were paid for handsomely.[82][83]
Trade and Industry[]
Murghôm exported grain, gems, fish, horses and fruits.[84]
Its copper was traded with the nomads in Ejen Horo.[11] Wood and fishery products from the Lake of Mists were often brought to Murghôm.[85] Rugs from Murghôm were traded far and wide.[86] The Rauthenflow river was central to trade in Murghôm, and several dredging barges were used to keep it navigable.[87]
Murghômi traders who sought to trade with Rashemen had to go through Shevel.[88] Travelers from Thay headed for Murghôm took the road south from Pyarados to Rauthil in the mid-late 14th century DR.[25] Traders trying to avoid the taxes of Murghôm would sometimes cut through the Spice Road.[89]
There had been a printing industry for approximately three hundred years as of the mid-late 14th century DR.[90] The term for a tannery was "batar" as of 1372 DR. The same word was used in Semphar.[91] Kukri were popular in Murghôm.[92] A local industry made cheap boxes for import.[93]
Elkammath tea was brewed from the fibrous roots of groundnuts found in Murghôm, its neighboring regions, and Chondath.[94] Halva from Murghôm was made with hard honeycomb.[95] Marka was made from a bush that grew in local foothills.[96] Ring-shaped loaves were a known food, measuring at least 10 inches in width, with some far larger.[97]
In the mid-14th century DR, Murghôm had a small silk industry, though it was inferior to Shou production.[98] There were also some traders in the late 14th century DR who had attempted to raise korontaun, though the goats struggled in the climate.[99]
Murghôm was considered as one the largest food producers in the world, exporting food to their rivals and the nations that border the Sea of Fallen Stars. This status remained after the Dragon Princes rose to prominence. The country offered services such as horse breeding, horse training and horse riding. Military grade horses were bread in limited numbers due to fear that they could be used against the nation by its enemies. Unlike the previously mentioned status of "Breadbasket of Faerun", the amount of horses that were exported had dwindled with the coming of the new draconic administration since excess horses were sacrificed to the wyrms in order to satiate their large and growing appetites. [8]
The dwarven kingdom of Harheldur in the eastern region of Sunrise Mountains maintained commerce to its south with Murghôm, indicating no intention to trade with Thay.[100]
Rumors[]
Lord Yegar wanted to press a claim on the Mountains of Copper as of 1367 DR, though he had little luck getting the rest of Rashemen on board.[101] That same year, Anton Tikizaras attempted to trick some adventurers, playing on their sympathy by claiming his brother had departed for Murghôm with a cartload of rugs he was supposed to deliver elsewhere.[102]
Whispers in the wind told a tale of an Illumian cabal of Thayan wizards lead by a powerful female practitioner of the art, hiding in secret places in Murghôm from the praying eyes of other Red Wizards who might search for them for knowledge of the "ritual" they carry.[103]
Notable Inhabitants[]
- Myrkul Bey al-Kursi, former Crown Prince of Murghôm[104]
- Kelemvor Lyonsbane, the Lyonsbane family are of Murghômi lineage[105]
- Iraun and Srivven, self-proclaimed rulers of Adaerglast in the Border Kingdoms[106][107][108]
- Hatim the Righteous, a rabble-rouser[109]
- Emir Yaghi-Siyan, ruler of Delbyl during the mid 14th century DR[110]
- Sheik Ar-Rabi, a bandit leader during the mid–14th century DR.[111]
- Mestrel Hawkmantle, a caravan guard, harper agent and bard[112]
- Imthalos, a precept of Mulhorand.[1]
- Tharmakkas IV, King of Murghôm
- Ghuldribrand Mroster, Mage Royal
- Lewan, apprentice to Berun in the mid-late 14th century DR.[113]
- Taraj Hurlymm, Magelord of Athalantar in the early 3rd century DR.[114]
- Kathra Shallowtaint, an elven adventurer and wizard[115]
- Hoth of the Six Curses, a human mage named after the curses that ailed him[116]
- Salid Dhuzma, the Grand Verser of the South[117]
Geographic Features[]
- Mountains and Hills
- Mountains of Copper: An important asset to the nation's economy, the mountains were sources of copper (the most prolific copper mines in the Endless Wastes) and pure metals. The ore was refined by nomadic smiths, who built permanent kilns in the vicinity of the outcroppings. Surrounding the mineheads, hammer mills and smelters were impoverished mining towns that had to contend with monsters and bandits hiding in the mountains.[118][119]
- Forests
- Ganathwood: The forest marked the border between Mulhorand and Murghôm.[120] It was once home to remnants of Yuireshanyaar and escaped slaves from Thay and Mulhorand. Untamed creatures and monsters with murderess intent roamed the forest.[55]
- Shalhoond: Also known as "The Great Wild Wood", was the main source of lumber in the region (walnut, birch, and pine) with settlements from Murghôm and Semphar on its borders. The forest was patrolled by rangers, hunters, trappers, guides and wardens from the nearby towns. Only the bravest of people would ever dare to face the dangers in the woods.[121]
- Rivers and Lakes
- Brightstar Lake: Known by other names, "Gbor Nor" or "The Sea of Semphar", the lake was frequently used for the shipment of goods, fishing, ship construction and transportation of lumber. Merchants and pirates alike sailed the waters from the various port cities on its shores, as well as adventurers that wanted to uncover its mysteries like the Drowned City of Bhaluin.[122][123]
- River Ghaast: The stream of water was Gbor Nor's tributary and originated from the western portion of the Great Wild Wood.[124][125][126]
- River Haqar: The stream of water was Gbor Nor's tributary and originated from the central portion of the Great Wild Wood.[124][125][126]
- River Murghol: Originating from the Sunrise Mountains, the river was a tributary of the Rauthenflow, connecting Murghôm with Thay and the Great Amber Steppes.[124][125][126]
- River Rauthenflow: The most strategically important waterway in all of Murghôm, it connected Brightstar Lake with the Inner Sea and was made navigable by Mulhorandi and Imaskari technology.[127]
- Sempharwater: The southern extension of Brightstar Lake.[125][128]
- Plains
- Fields of Ganath
- Deserts
- Plains of Purple Dust
Notable Locations[]
- Cities and Towns
- Alzayat • Athab • Delbyl • Diyala • Graumot • Hashimyl • Isa • Isfasan • Jurash • Khalab • Kilastann • Madan • Morten • Murghyr • Nimjammir • Port Ghaast • Rume • Sessim • Sinilyr • Skalnaedyr (formerly Phannaskul)[3] • Somraggah • Sughra • Taj • Tar Arabal[129] • Talathat • Thandyl • Tuulish • Umarah • Ustann • Vurlakh • Wakirnayskul • Zindalankh
- Roads
- Road to the Dawn
- Structures
- Dracowyr • Skalnaedyr's Tomb
Appendix[]
Gallery[]
Appearances[]
- Novels
- Referenced only
- Elminster: The Making of a Mage • Sentinelspire • The Edge of Chaos • The Captive Flame • Whisper of Venom • The Spectral Blaze
- Video Games
- Referenced only
- Descent to Undermountain
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 21. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- ↑ Map included in Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast). ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Bruce R. Cordell, Ed Greenwood, Chris Sims (August 2008). Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-7869-4924-3.
- ↑ Reynolds, Forbeck, Jacobs, Boyd (March 2003). Races of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 111. ISBN 0-7869-2875-1.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 23. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 92. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 188. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Ed Greenwood (2019-04-02). Interview with the Old Mage Episode 2. Mages & Sages Podcast - Fans of Ed Greenwood YouTube channel. Retrieved on 2019-04-02.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 94. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Brian R. James, Ed Greenwood (September 2007). The Grand History of the Realms. Edited by Kim Mohan, Penny Williams. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7869-4731-7.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 16. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 7. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2000). Ed Says: Geography of the Realms. Archived from the original on 12-27-2003. Retrieved on 8-31-2021.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 7. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, The Hooded One (2007-06-16). Questions for Ed Greenwood (2007). Candlekeep Forum. Retrieved on 2025-07-28.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 115. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 101. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Bruce R. Cordell, Ed Greenwood, Chris Sims (August 2008). Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 87. ISBN 978-0-7869-4924-3.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 188. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 94. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ So Saith Ed Jan–Mar 2007. (25-11-2021). Retrieved on 25-11-2021.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2023-09-20). "Monsters in Semphar and Murghôm". Greenwood's Grotto (Discord).
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2023-09-8). "Famous phoenixes". Greenwood's Grotto (Discord).
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 84. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Richard Baker, Matt Forbeck, Sean K. Reynolds (May 2003). Unapproachable East. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 155. ISBN 0-7869-2881-6.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Curtis Scott (March 1992). Pirates of the Fallen Stars. (TSR, Inc), p. 5. ISBN 978-1560763208.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 414. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 85. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 109. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 94. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Ed Greenwood (2023-01-07). Murghôm Mercenary Companies (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Archived from the original on 2023-01-07. Retrieved on 2023-01-07.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2020-11-27). Ed Greenwood on Twitter. Retrieved on 2020-11-27.
- ↑ Brian R. James and Matt James (September 2009). “Monument of the Ancients”. In Chris Youngs ed. Dungeon #170 (Wizards of the Coast) (170)., p. 80.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), pp. 38, 39, 61, 62, 92. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 39. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 109. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Steve Kenson, et al. (November 2015). Sword Coast Adventurer's Guide. Edited by Kim Mohan. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 136. ISBN 978-0-7869-6580-9.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 Ed Greenwood, Eric L. Boyd (March 2006). Power of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 90. ISBN 0-7869-3910-9.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 David Cook (August 1990). “Ancient Empires”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.). ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Richard Baker, Ed Bonny, Travis Stout (February 2005). Lost Empires of Faerûn. Edited by Penny Williams. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 71. ISBN 0-7869-3654-1.
- ↑ Bruce R. Cordell, Ed Greenwood, Chris Sims (August 2008). Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 85, 138. ISBN 978-0-7869-4924-3.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Bruce R. Cordell, Ed Greenwood, Chris Sims (August 2008). Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 154. ISBN 978-0-7869-4924-3.
- ↑ Steve Kenson, et al. (November 2015). Sword Coast Adventurer's Guide. Edited by Kim Mohan. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7869-6580-9.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2023-05-05). Q&A #3. Ed Greenwood's Patreon. Retrieved on 2023-05-24.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Richard Lee Byers (May 2010). The Captive Flame. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 194–197. ISBN 0786953969.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Brian R. James, Ed Greenwood (September 2007). The Grand History of the Realms. Edited by Kim Mohan, Penny Williams. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 130. ISBN 978-0-7869-4731-7.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 Richard Baker, Matt Forbeck, Sean K. Reynolds (May 2003). Unapproachable East. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 163. ISBN 0-7869-2881-6.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2022-07-18). The Princes and Szass Tam (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Retrieved on 2025-08-07.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2022-02-21). Harmauth (Harmauthantildarr) (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Archived from the original on 2022-02-21. Retrieved on 2025-07-08.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2023-02-13). Secrets of Thay. Ed Greenwood's Patreon. Retrieved on 2023-05-23.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Ancient Empires”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.). ISBN 0-88038-868-4.}}
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (April 1995). “Elminster's Notebook: Kobold commotions”. In Kim Mohan ed. Dragon #216 (TSR, Inc.), pp. 100–101.
- ↑ Mark Middleton et al. (1999). Priest's Spell Compendium Volume Two. (TSR, Inc), p. 516. ISBN 9780786914210.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (October 1990). Dwarves Deep. (TSR, Inc.), p. 42. ISBN 0-88038-880-3.
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 Richard Baker, Matt Forbeck, Sean K. Reynolds (May 2003). Unapproachable East. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 188. ISBN 0-7869-2881-6.
- ↑ Reynolds, Forbeck, Jacobs, Boyd (March 2003). Races of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 95. ISBN 0-7869-2875-1.
- ↑ Richard Baker (2007-08-29). The Purple Halls. Realmslore. Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2010-01-07. Retrieved on 2023-03-26.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 19. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (April 1999). “Elminster's Everwinking Eye: A Wayfarers Guide to the Forgotten Realms”. In Erik Mona ed. Polyhedron #135 (TSR, Inc.), p. 8.
- ↑ Mark Sehestedt (July 2008). Sentinelspire. (Wizards of the Coast), chap. 2, p. 18. ISBN 978-0-7869-4937-3.
- ↑ Reynolds, Forbeck, Jacobs, Boyd (March 2003). Races of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 111. ISBN 0-7869-2875-1.
- ↑ Tom Prusa (1993). The Shining South. (TSR, Inc), p. 54. ISBN 1-56076-595-X.
- ↑ Steve Kenson, et al. (November 2015). Sword Coast Adventurer's Guide. Edited by Kim Mohan. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 136. ISBN 978-0-7869-6580-9.
- ↑ Rob Heinsoo, Logan Bonner, Robert J. Schwalb (September 2008). Forgotten Realms Player's Guide. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7869-4929-8.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (January 2000). “The New Adventures of Volo: Onward!”. In Dave Gross ed. Dragon #267 (Wizards of the Coast), p. 83.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2021-05-12). Avaelearean (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Retrieved on 2025-07-19.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 17. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 84. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 Reynolds, Forbeck, Jacobs, Boyd (March 2003). Races of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 98. ISBN 0-7869-2875-1.
- ↑ Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 26. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (September 1997). Powers & Pantheons. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 130. ISBN 978-0786906574.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (September 1997). Powers & Pantheons. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), pp. 94, 96. ISBN 978-0786906574.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (September 1997). Powers & Pantheons. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 131. ISBN 978-0786906574.
- ↑ Chad Brown (June 2012). “Channel Divinity: Chauntea and Silvanus”. In Steve Winter ed. Dragon #412 (Wizards of the Coast), p. 24.
- ↑ Reynolds, Forbeck, Jacobs, Boyd (March 2003). Races of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 96. ISBN 0-7869-2875-1.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), pp. 8, 16, 94. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood on YouTube: D&D's Moon Goddess: Secrets of the 7 Sacred Stars Revealed
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2023-07-17). Null: The Dragon God of Death. Ed Greenwood's Patreon. Retrieved on 2023-08-20.
- ↑ Thomas M. Reid, Sean K. Reynolds (Nov. 2005). Champions of Valor. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 156. ISBN 0-7869-3697-5.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Monstrous Compendium”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. Horse. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, The Hooded One (2008-12-05). Questions for Ed Greenwood (2008). Candlekeep Forum. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 107. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 76. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Map included in Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 88–89. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 76. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “A Fistful of Sand Part I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.). ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 103. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Anthony Pryor (June 1995). “Campaign Guide”. In Michele Carter, Doug Stewart eds. Spellbound (TSR, Inc.), p. 73. ISBN 978-0786901395.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 105. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, The Hooded One (2007-02-21). Questions for Ed Greenwood (2007). Candlekeep Forum. Retrieved on 2023-03-26.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2006-09-16). The Border Kingdoms: Gallard. The Border Kingdoms. Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2006-11-11. Retrieved on 2023-03-26.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2020-04-19). Kukri (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Archived from the original on 2020-05-02. Retrieved on 2023-03-26.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, The Hooded One (2007-12-31). Questions for Ed Greenwood (2008). Candlekeep Forum. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2018-08-25). Tea in the Realms (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. Retrieved on 2023-03-26.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2021-07-30). Halva (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Archived from the original on 2021-07-30. Retrieved on 2021-07-30.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (04-13-2021). Arispeg, Delph, and Marka (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Archived from the original on 5-24-2021. Retrieved on 5-24-2021.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, The Hooded One (2010-07-05). Questions for Ed Greenwood (2010). Candlekeep Forum. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, The Hooded One (2012-03-21). Questions for Ed Greenwood (2012). Candlekeep Forum. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, The Hooded One (2009-03-03). Questions for Ed Greenwood (2009). Candlekeep Forum. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2023-02-25). "Lost Dwarven Kingdoms". Greenwood's Grotto (Discord).
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 35. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “A Fistful of Sand Part I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.). ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Thomas M. Reid, Sean K. Reynolds (Nov. 2005). Champions of Valor. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 17. ISBN 0-7869-3697-5.
- ↑ Brian R. James and Matt James (September 2009). “Monument of the Ancients”. In Chris Youngs ed. Dungeon #170 (Wizards of the Coast) (170)., p. 80.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2025-03-26). "Lyonsbanes". Greenwood's Grotto (Discord).
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2006-03-22). The Border Kingdoms: Adaerglast. The Border Kingdoms. Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2016-10-31. Retrieved on 2008-04-25.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Eric L. Boyd (March 2006). Power of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 132. ISBN 0-7869-3910-9.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (August 1995). “Elminster's Everwinking Eye: Our Tour of the Border Kingdom Continues”. In Duane Maxwell ed. Polyhedron #110 (TSR, Inc.), p. 6.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 92. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 39. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 54. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (September 1993). The Code of the Harpers. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 18. ISBN 1-56076-644-1.
- ↑ Mark Sehestedt (July 2008). Sentinelspire. (Wizards of the Coast), chap. 17, p. 139. ISBN 978-0-7869-4937-3.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (December 1995). Elminster: The Making of a Mage/MMP. (TSR, Inc), chap. 15, p. 245. ISBN 0-7869-0203-5.
- ↑ DreamForge Intertainment (1993). Designed by Thomas Holmes, Chris Straka. Dungeon Hack. Strategic Simulations.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood and Doug Stewart (1997). Prayers from the Faithful. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 118. ISBN 0-7869-0682-0.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 64. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), pp. 16, 37. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), pp. 84–85. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 14. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 103. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), pp. 27, 30, 39, 45, 64. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), pp. 92, 93, 103, 107, 109. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ 124.0 124.1 124.2 Karen Wynn Fonstad (August 1990). The Forgotten Realms Atlas. (TSR, Inc), p. 7. ISBN 978-0880388573.
- ↑ 125.0 125.1 125.2 125.3 Map of Semphar included in David Cook (August 1990). The Horde. Edited by Steve Winter. (TSR, Inc.). ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ 126.0 126.1 126.2 Map included in Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast). ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 100. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Karen Wynn Fonstad (August 1990). The Forgotten Realms Atlas. (TSR, Inc), p. 11. ISBN 978-0880388573.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (2018-02-07). Walls of Arabel (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Archived from the original on 2022-11-25. Retrieved on 2023-03-26.
Further Reading[]
- David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.). ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 7. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- Bruce R. Cordell, Ed Greenwood, Chris Sims (August 2008). Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-7869-4924-3.
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