Sheep were a common species of mammal and herd animal.[2]
Description[]
Sheep were covered in thick, curly wool.[2] The color of the wool varied, often black, white or yellow in color.[4] Male sheep had a pair of sharp horns on their head.[2]
Behaviour[]
Sheep were domesticated and lived in herds of various sizes.[2]
Combat[]
Sheep avoided combat, fleeing predators when possible. Male sheep defended their herds, charging[6] a target and inflicting damage with their sharp horns. A herd could panic and stampede, trampling most creatures in their path.[2]
Biology[]
Many creatures hunted sheep. Including:
- boobrie[7] • brass dragon[8] • chiang lung[9] • cloud giant[10] • dire hawk[11][12] • displacer beast[13] • giant toad[14] • goblin rat[15] • hill giant[16] • kappa[17] • morin[18] • nightbeak[19] • oni[20] • orpsu[21] • red dragon[22] • wolf[23] • wyvern[24] • yeti[25]
Uses[]
A flock of sheep was tended by shepherds. The larger the flock, the more shepherds were needed to safely manage the sheep.[26]
Shepherds moved flocks from one area to another for grazing. This was due to the fact that sheep, when grazing, ate grass in its entirety, including roots. This combined with the damage caused by many sets of hooves, degraded the soil and left it exposed to the sun and wind. Improper management of a flock of sheep could turn a once lush field into a barren dusty field.[27]
Among the Al-Badia tribes, shepherds were usually young men or boys. They led the flock to find suitable grazing ground. However, in the summer, grazing is practically nonexistent, so the Al-Badia tribes remain close to an oasis or settlement.[28]
Sheep were herded by both gold and shield dwarves.[29]
As livestock, a typical sheep was worth between 1 and 2 gp in Faerûn[30][31][32], and between 3 and 6 gp in Zakharan bazaars.[33]. In Kara-Tur, a sheep was worth up to 5 tael.[34]
- Clothing
Sheep were a source of wool.[32] Wool was widely used as a material to make clothing.[35] Zakharan wool was made from hair of a sheep blended with that of a camel.[36] Fleece was a type of textile fiber, obtained from sheering the coats of sheep.[37]
Sheep could be used as a source of leather.[38][39] Sheepskin clothing was common and could be worn as a jacket.[23][40] The Hobgoblin tribes of the High Moor manufactured high quality sheepskin clothing, complete with intricate embroidery and bead-work.[41] Sheepskin could also be used to make boots, such as high boots.[42]
- Food
The milk from a sheep could be used to make cheese.[23] Elturian Grey was a sheep-milk cheese crafted in Elturel in the Western Heartlands.[43] In Sigil, sheep's milk was often sweetened with vanilla.[44]
Among halflings, sheep were considered a valuable part of a farm[45], and the milk and meat from sheep was an integral part of halfling cuisine.[46] Halfling farmers in Corm Orp made a soft cheese from goat's and sheep milk called Orthin.[46]
In Zakhara, butter was made from sheep's milk.[28] A popular drink, rakiq, was a beverage made from sheep's milk and garlic known for its tang.[47] The Al-Badia, nomadic tribes who roamed Zakhara, used mutton as the main course for banquets for honored guests. The considered the tail of a sheep a delicacy, with the guest of honor presented the fatty and succulent dish.[48]
Kragh is an alcoholic beverage made by cyclopskin. It is made from fermented goat's or sheep's milk.[49]
- Other Uses
If needed, a sheep could also be used as a pack animal.[26]
Sheepskin was prepared in such a way it was used as a parchment.[50] It could also be fashioned into a portable vessel for carrying water or wine.[51] In Zakhara, sheepskin was part of a camel's riding kit, where it was used as a saddle pad.[52]
A hababa was a hammock made from sheepskin that was stretched over four poles of wood. It was used in Zakhara for children.[53] Sheepskin could also be made into a rug.[54]
On the Plain of Horses, most of the structures are yurts made from the skin of sheep or camels.[55]
Sheepskin could also be used as bed-sheet.[56]
The bladder of a sheep could be inflated and used as a ball in recreational activities.[57] Sheep's bladder was also used as a coin purse.[58]
Sheep fat had several uses. It was used to make the wearer's skin glisten and shine.[59] Candles could be made from sheep fat.[60]
Paladin's often used sheep as part of their daily exercise routine. This routine involved the paladin, in a full suit of armor, hiking up a mountain with a sheep strapped to their back.[61]
Sheep were sometimes used as a sacrificial animal. Once a month, the villagers of Volkumburgh transported up to five sheep to Mount Drakkor Rouge. There, the sheep were offered as a sacrifice to the red dragon Larghauseth, in hopes of keeping the dragon away from their village.[62] When entering an unexplored dungeon, uncaring adventures were known to send a flock of sheep ahead of them to trigger any traps that laid ahead.[63]
In the High Country, there were certain locations felt to be important to the Hidden People, such as sparkling pools, the rare standing stones, and small hidden dells thick with old, mossy trees. Wise and experienced shepherds avoided such places. If forced to enter by weather or misfortune, they made no fires and cut no trees, moved stealthily, and did their business quickly and left as soon as possible. They humbly and loudly apologized for the intrusion, and even left one or two sheep tied to stakes as payment. Those who did not take such precautions did not always return.[64]
On Olympus, an individual who wished to cast a necormantic spell had to request it from Hecate, and a sheep was an acceptable sacrifice.[65]
Habitat[]
Sheep were common across the Realms and beyond. Unlike most herd animals, sheep thrived in rocky terrain and mountain pastures.[66] Sheep tolerated cold and temperate climates well, but did not tolerated hot climates such as deserts or areas where the temperature exceeded 70 ℉ (21 ℃). Sheep preferred to stay out of forests and swamps.[26]
Faerûn[]
- Frozenfar
The residents of Fireshear attempted to herd sheep during the short warm season every few years. But each time they made the attempt, the flocks of sheep attracted the attention of wolves. The sheep who survived to winter were sheared and then killed for their meat.[67]
The verbeeg tribes of Icewind Dale captured sheep for domestic use such as food and to trade.[1]
Klauthen Vale was a narrow valley filled with sheep and other livestock, who were left to their own devices. The valley was basically the private larder of the fierce and extremely powerful red dragon Klauth. He stole the livestock from farms across northern Faerûn, bringing them back to the vale. He was very protective of his food supply.[22]
- Moonshae Isles
Sheep were common on the Moonshae Isles. Much of the Moonshaes terrain was moorland. This rolling grassland was dotted with lakes, ponds, and swamps, but most of it was well-drained and dry. The terrain was safe and pleasant and was used as pasture for cattle and sheep. Occasionally, a sheepherder lived with their flock in the forested highlands.[68]
Northlanders herded sheep on the windswept islands of the the Korinn Archipelago. Before it was controlled by fomorians, Oman's Isle had numerous sheep farms.[69] Caer Callidyrr traded weapons with Corwell, in exchange for livestock such as sheep.[70] On Snowdown, sheep were a common livestock.[71] The Norheim Isles were home to some small herds of sheep.[72]
- Sword Coast
The hamlet of Rassalantar was surrounded by walled farms and pastures of grazing sheep.[73] In the small pastoral village of Julkoun, sheep roamed the streets freely, grazing on the grassy roads.[74] The rolling grasslands surrounding the hamlet of Ulgoth's Beard were filled with sheep.[75]
In Daggerford, a large part of the town, called the Commons, was meant to be used as grazing grounds for livestock, including sheep, in an emergency. Small herds of sheep were found in the town's Farmers' Quarter.[76]
In Luskan, on the north side of the Mirar River, a fenced field surrounded the cities water tower. The sheep found here property of the five High Captains. Due to the presence of the water tower, this field was under heavy guard.[77]
- Savage Frontier
Sheep were common in the Savage Frontier.[78] Flocks of feral sheep could be found on the Forlorn Hills.[79] Ruins dotted the Evermoors, all that remains of attempts by humans to raise sheep and other livestock within the Evermoors. All were lost to vicious raids by the trolls inhabiting the infamous moor.[80]
Goldenfields, a fortified abbey to Chauntea had fenced off area of pasture land for sheep.[81] Beliard was home to many ranchers, including sheepherders. Their livestock was vulnerable to raids by hill giants.[82]
Griffon's Nest, one of the few permanent settlements of the Uthgardt, was surrounded by hills filled with sheep.[83] The village of Longsaddle was home to several sheep ranches.[84] The once-important mining town of Llorkh was now main inhabited by sheepherders.[85]
- Luruar
Sheep were one of the most common domesticated herd animals in Luruar.[86] Outside of Deadsnows, sheep grazed in the cleared pastures of coarse grass on the valley walls and lower slopes. The flocks were watched over by shepherds armed with crossbows.[87][88][89]
- Western Heartlands
In the Western Heartlands, sheep were among the most common domestic animal.[66]
The countryside surrounding Berdusk was filled with sheep farms.[90] Thousands of head of sheep were shipped from Elturel every year, for destinations across Faerûn.[91][92]
Although most sheep avoided swamps, human tribes living in the High Moor managed to raise sheep. This particular breed of sheep had thick, shaggy wool that was difficult to shear.[23][93] Hobgoblin tribes within the High Moor also herded sheep.[41]
The Song of the Morning was a large temple dedicated to the deity Lathander in the center of Beregost. On the east side of town were hills where its clergy tended flocks of sheep. While shepherding their livestock among the foothills, the temple's priests kept a watchful eye over the unguarded eastern expanse of Beregost.[94]
Despite the fact that the land surrounding Baldur's Gate was in poor condition for farming, farmers herded sheep and other livestock.[95] Paddocks full of sheep were found in the Outer City.[96]
A small settlement of shepherds lived outside of the Darkhold. Their flocks grazed on the meadows of the Sunset Mountains and they sent bales of wool to market.[97] The small and remote village of Xonthal's Tower raised sheep on the high meadows of Mount Hlim.[98] The residents of the half-ruined village of Yarthrain herded sheep.[99]
In the halfling town of Corm Orp, herds of sheep populated the hillsides surrounding the town.[46] The halfling settlements in the Trielta Hills also raised sheep.[100]
- Lands of Intrigue
In Tethyr, villages in the Starspire Mountains[101] and Omlarandin Mountains[13] relied on their sheep herds and fiercely defended them from predators. County Surkazar, a pastoral region located in the western foothills of the Omlarandin Mountains, held the largest population of sheep in all of Tethyr.[102] Some rock gnomes found in Tethyr lived as sheepherders.[103]
In Amn, sheep could be found grazing in the plateaus of the Cloud Peaks. Lamb and wool were the main exports of the settlements here, including the town of Nashkel.[104][105] Farmers also herded sheep in the Small Teeth region[106] and outside the town of Imnescar.[107]
- The Vast
Roldilar, a shield dwarf kingdom that once occupied the lands later known as the Vast, likely introduced sheep to the area.[108]
The market village of Blanaer had so much sheep and cattle present, it was the source of a common saying in the Vast: "Stinks like Blanaer".[109] The hamlet of Sarbreenar was surrounded by narrow valleys, each home to a separate sheep farm.[110]
- Interior Faerûn
In Cormyr, the Truebreeds Guild controlled the trade, breeding and care of all livestock, including sheep.[111] Sheep were integral to the economies of several Cormyrian settlements, including Bospir[112], Dreamer's Rock[113], Eagle Peak[114], Eveningstar[115][116] and Espar[19], and Gorthin[113] The hill upon which the Blackstone manor once stood was now used as a grazing ground for sheep.[117]
Huthduth was a Cormyrian keep that was home to priests of Chauntea. These priests raised a large herd of sheep within the wooded valley. They employed spells to teleport themselves, and their sheep, to different grazing grounds. The priests shepherded the sheep while armed with maces and wearing chain mail.[118]
On Ilthan, an island in the Pirate Isles, cyclopskin herded sheep.[119]
- West Faerûn
In Calimshan, the harsh terrain meant farmers could only raise hardy livestock such as sheep.[120] The coastal city of Manshaka was one of the main destinations for Calishite sheep farmers, where the sheep was traded.[121]
- South Faerûn
The gold dwarves of Underhome kept a large herd of sheep. They were herded within the Great Rift and was guarded by fully armored, and heavily armed, dwarven shepherds.[122]
The Shadi'ar tribes in the Land of the Lions herded sheep.[123] The towns of Talmon and Yesbpek were both surrounded by sheep ranches.[124][125]
Within the Border Kingdoms, large herds of sheep grazed the fields around Ondeeme.[126] The residents of The Realm of the Mount kept sheep in small paddocks within the forests.[127]
- North Faerûn
The farmers of the Dalelands herded sheep.[128] The largest herds of sheep in the Dalelands were found in Mistledale.[129]
In the remote fields of Harrowdale, Mistledale, and Tasseldale, nomadic wemic shepherds tended flocks of up to 300 sheep. They traveled from field to field and tended to allow the sheep to overgraze, leaving damaged and depleted fields in their wake. The wemic shepherds trained wild cats to help manage and protect the flocks. They avoided contact with others, responding with violence unless a stranger was seeking to trade turquoise for wool.[130]
In Battledale, large expanses of pastoral fields were ideal for sheep grazing.[131]
During the summer, shepherds from Harrowdale set their flocks to graze the tall grasses in the Cold Field, located between Harrowdale and Scardale. The sheep merely ignored restless spirits found in the Cold Field.[132]
In Shadowdale, sheep were often left on their own to graze on the grasses of the Common in the center of the village. The sheep usually wandered over to Elminster's Tower to drink from the small pond that was located there.[133]
It was rumored that wyverns living atop of Wyvernfang in the Thunder Peaks captured livestock such as sheep, allowing them to live and breed, and culled them as needed. Thus they had created a renewable source of food.[134]
In Cormanthor, sheep could be found living in both the Rimwood and Midwood.[135]
Sheep were also found in Anauroch. The D'tarig survived by herding sheep as well as goats.[136] The herdsmen of Hlondath also shepherded sheep.[137]
- Unapproachable East
Sheep were very common in Rashemen. Vast herds of sheep were found near Mulptan.[138][139]
In Aglarond, numerous farmers tended to flocks of sheep. On the Fang, where the land is barren and craggy and unsettled, lived solitary farmers tending to small flocks of sheep.[140][141] The village of Urst, on the edge of the Yuirwood, both human and half-elf farmers shepherded sheep.[142]
- Shining South
Farmers in Halruaa employed magic to aid them while herding sheep.[143] Sheep grazed in the pasture-land surrounding the village of Crimel[144][145] Pyratar, capital city of Var, was home to several large herds of sheep.[146]
- Old Empires
In Mulhorand, the Great Vale is home to large herds of sheep. Most of the sheep farms here used slave labor.[147]
Sheep were so common in Unther that there was over 200 words for sheep in Untheric. Similar to Mulhorand, the sheep farms used slave labor.[148][149]
In Chessenta, the sheep farm workers were usually serfs instead of slaves. A large number of sheep farms were located on the plains found north of Akanamere. The Flaming Spike, an orc tribe in western Chessenta, raised sheep.[149][150]
- Underdark
Sheep could even be found in the Underdark. Sheep were kept in small pens on the Isle of Rothe in Menzoberranzan.[151] Deep gnomes often cultivated herds of sheep on the outskirts of their towns, doing their best to keep the herds quiet and uninteresting to potential attackers.[152]
Maztica[]
Colonists in Ulatos introduced sheep to the continent of Maztica. The sheep were transported by ship from the Sword Coast.[153]
Zakhara[]
The nine major tribes of the High Desert in Zakhara kept herds of sheep numbering in the thousands.[154] Nomadic tribes of Jann traveled with their herds, which included sheep, between fertile lands and oasis.[155][156] Some ogre giant[156] and reef giant[157] tribes also kept herds of sheep.
Sheep grazed in the grasslands found to the east of the city of Fahhas.[158] Since cloth was an integral part of the economy of Huzuz, the city was surrounded by many sheep farms.[159] Around the city of Qudra, the less fertile land is used for grazing both sheep and goats.[160] The small coastal settlements of the Masud Jazayir islands herded sheep.[161]
Kara-Tur[]
In the Hordelands, the Tuigan raised and herded sheep. [162] Sheep were found in great numbers on the Katakoro Plateau[163] Within the Raurin desert, sheep lived in small flocks, isolated to the oases.[164]
Sheep were part of the local economies of several settlements in the Hordelands, including Delbyl[165], Khazari[166], Quaraband[167] and Ra-Khati.[168]
In Tabot, villagers herded sheep across the high plateau. The herds were large, numbering in the thousands of individual sheep.[169][170]
The tribes of the Plain of Horses herded sheep, with flocks large enough to contain a thousand sheep or more. The sheep of the Plain of Horses tended to be larger than sheep found elsewhere in Kara-Tur.[4]
In the Koryaz Mountains of the Northern Wastes, the Pazruki relied on herding sheep as it was their primary source of meat.[171]
Larger korobokuru settlements kept herds of sheep.[172]
Laerakond[]
On the continent of Laerakond, feral sheep roamed the countryside of Relmaur.[173]
Beyond Toril[]
The gnomes of Dothion, the first layer of Bytopia, kept herds of silver-wooled sheep. Silver-wooled sheep were also found on Arcadia.[174][175] On Olympus, sheep were found in great numbers.[176] Sedentary bariaur living on Ysgard tended sheep.[177]
Sheep were common in the Feywild.[178] Many Feywild settlements kept herds of sheep.[179]
Yondalla, the creator and matriarch of halflings, was served by sheep.[180]
History[]
Circa 1356 DR, Mirabar began offering large sums of silver to entice sheepherders and their flocks to migrate to the city. The purpose was to provide Mirabar with a ready supply of wool for their harsh winters.[181]
Subspecies[]
- Crag Sheep
Crag sheep were found within Anauroch.[182][183] Crag sheep lived in the Plain of Standing Stones. They grazed in the valleys and were hunted by most predators in the area.[184]
- Mountain Sheep
Frost folk kept herds of mountain sheep.[185] Farmers living in the rugged parts of the Land of the Lions raised hardy mountain sheep.[186] Mountain sheep were a main source of meat for the Azuposi.[187] Mountain sheep were the favorite food of mountain giants.[188] Mountain sheep were herded by stone giants.[189]
Notable Farmers[]
- The Durinbold, a noble family on the Sword Coast, were known for their sheep farms.[190]
- Hlorn Estle and his family owed the biggest sheep herd in Espar, the farmer's sons and their vicious dogs were guarding the livestock as it grazed on the green hills outside the village.[191]
- The Theresparin family of Cormyr, a family of landlords and weavers, was known for their large herds of sheep.[117]
Appendix[]
See Also[]
Notes[]
- ↑ The 2nd edition alignment given in the original source is "Nil", which should be read as Neutral according to this Sage Advice answer by Skip Williams in Dragon Magazine Issue #155: "The nil alignment rating is a holdover from an early draft of the Monstrous Compendium material. Originally, a rating of nil indicated that a creature was not intelligent enough to have an alignment at all. However, the nil rating was dropped during rewriting and should have been replaced with the neutral alignment."
Appearances[]
External Links[]
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Christopher Perkins (September 2020). Icewind Dale: Rime of the Frostmaiden. Edited by Kim Mohan. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 311. ISBN 978-0786966981.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 243. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Skip Williams (March 1990). “Sage Advice”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Dragon #155 (TSR, Inc.), p. 86.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mike Pondsmith, Jay Batista, Rick Swan, John Nephew, Deborah Christian (1988). Kara-Tur: The Eastern Realms (Volume I). (TSR, Inc), p. 85. ISBN 0-88038-608-8.
- ↑ Christopher Perkins, James Haeck, James Introcaso, Adam Lee, Matthew Sernett (September 2018). Waterdeep: Dragon Heist. Edited by Jeremy Crawford. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 164. ISBN 978-0-7869-6625-7.
- ↑ David Howery (November 1992). “The Wild, Wild Wilderness”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Dragon #187 (TSR, Inc.), p. 12.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (August 1983). Monster Manual II 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 20. ISBN 0-88038-031-4.
- ↑ Richard Baker, et al. (November 2009). Draconomicon: Metallic Dragons. Edited by Logan Bonner, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7869-5248-9.
- ↑ James Wyatt (October 2001). Oriental Adventures (3rd edition). (Wizards of the Coast), p. 155. ISBN 0-7869-2015-7.
- ↑ James Butler, Elizabeth T. Danforth, Jean Rabe (September 1994). “The Stonelands and the Goblin Marches”. In Karen S. Boomgarden ed. Elminster's Ecologies (TSR, Inc), p. 24. ISBN 1-5607-6917-3.
- ↑ David Eckelberry, Mike Selinker (February 2002). Masters of the Wild: A Guidebook to Barbarians, Druids, and Rangers. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 38. ISBN 0-7869-2653-8.
- ↑ Ed Bonny, Jeff Grubb, Rich Redman, Skip Williams, and Steve Winter (September 2002). Monster Manual II 3rd edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 74. ISBN 07-8692-873-5.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Steven E. Schend (August 1997). “Book One: Tethyr”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Lands of Intrigue (TSR, Inc.), p. 55. ISBN 0-7869-0697-9.
- ↑ David "Zeb" Cook et al. (1989). Monstrous Compendium Volume One. (TSR, Inc), p. 128. ISBN 0-8803-8738-6.
- ↑ Rick Swan (July 1990). Monstrous Compendium Kara-Tur Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), p. 22. ISBN 0-88038-851-X.
- ↑ James Butler, Elizabeth T. Danforth, Jean Rabe (September 1994). “Anauroch”. In Karen S. Boomgarden ed. Elminster's Ecologies (TSR, Inc), p. 15. ISBN 1-5607-6917-3.
- ↑ Rick Swan (July 1990). Monstrous Compendium Kara-Tur Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), p. 35. ISBN 0-88038-851-X.
- ↑ David Cook (1991). Monstrous Compendium Forgotten Realms Appendix (MC11). (TSR, Inc), p. 43. ISBN l-56076-111-3.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Ed Greenwood (August 2006). Swords of Eveningstar. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-7869-4022-6.
- ↑ Rick Swan (July 1990). Monstrous Compendium Kara-Tur Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), p. 47. ISBN 0-88038-851-X.
- ↑ Monster sheets included in Ed Greenwood (November 1991). Anauroch. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.). ISBN 1-56076-126-1.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Christopher Perkins, et al. (September 2016). Storm King's Thunder. Edited by Kim Mohan, Michele Carter. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 95. ISBN 978-0-7869-6600-4.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Tim Beach (October 1995). “The High Moor”. In Julia Martin ed. Elminster's Ecologies Appendix II (TSR, Inc), p. 19. ISBN 0786901713.
- ↑ Monte Cook, Jonathan Tweet, Skip Williams (July 2003). Dungeon Master's Guide v.3.5. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 45. ISBN 0-7869-2889-1.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 306. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Kim Mohan (November 1986). Wilderness Survival Guide. Edited by Kim Mohan et al. (TSR, Inc.), p. 91. ISBN 0-88038-291-0.
- ↑ Jennifer Clarke-Wilkes, Bruce R. Cordell and JD Wiker (March 2005). Sandstorm. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 6. ISBN 0-7869-3655-X.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Jeff Grubb (August 1992). Land of Fate (Adventurer's Guide to Zakhara). (TSR, Inc), p. 29. ISBN 978-1560763291.
- ↑ Jim Bambra (1993). The Complete Book of Dwarves. (TSR, Inc.), p. 26. ISBN 1-56076-110-5.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford (2014). Player's Handbook 5th edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 157. ISBN 978-0-7869-6560-1.
- ↑ Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook, Skip Williams (August 2000). Player's Handbook 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 96. ISBN 0-7869-1551-4.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Rick Swan (1995). The Complete Barbarian's Handbook. (TSR, Inc), p. 123. ISBN 0-7869-0090-3.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb and Andria Hayday (April 1992). Arabian Adventures. (TSR, Inc), p. 87. ISBN 978-1560763581.
- ↑ Gary Gygax, David Cook, and François Marcela-Froideval (1985). Oriental Adventures. (TSR, Inc), p. 38. ISBN 0-8803-8099-3.
- ↑ Steve Perrin (1987). Under Illefarn. Edited by Rick Swan. (TSR, Inc), p. 4. ISBN 0-88038-489-1.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb (August 1992). Land of Fate (Adventurer's Guide to Zakhara). (TSR, Inc), p. 34. ISBN 978-1560763291.
- ↑ Cryptic Studios (June 2013). Neverwinter. Perfect World Entertainment.
- ↑ Rick Swan (1995). The Complete Barbarian's Handbook. (TSR, Inc), p. 84. ISBN 0-7869-0090-3.
- ↑ Grant Boucher, Troy Christensen, Jon Pickens, John Terra and Scott Davis (1991). Arms and Equipment Guide. (TSR, Inc.), p. 6. ISBN 1-56076-109-1.
- ↑ Mike Breault, David "Zeb" Cook, Jim Ward, Steve Winter (August 1988). Ruins of Adventure. (TSR, Inc.), p. 32. ISBN 978-0880385886.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Tim Beach (October 1995). “The High Moor”. In Julia Martin ed. Elminster's Ecologies Appendix II (TSR, Inc), p. 23. ISBN 0786901713.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb, Julia Martin, Steven E. Schend et al (1992). Aurora's Whole Realms Catalogue. (TSR, Inc), p. 87. ISBN 0-5607-6327-2.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb, Julia Martin, Steven E. Schend et al (1992). Aurora's Whole Realms Catalogue. (TSR, Inc), p. 123. ISBN 0-5607-6327-2.
- ↑ Wolfgang Baur, Rick Swan (June 1995). In the Cage: A Guide to Sigil. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 94. ISBN 978-0786901111.
- ↑ Douglas Niles (1993). The Complete Book of Gnomes & Halflings. (TSR, Inc.), p. 98. ISBN 1-56076-573-9.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Ed Greenwood (October 2012). Ed Greenwood Presents Elminster's Forgotten Realms. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 90–91. ISBN 0786960345.
- ↑ Rick Swan (1994). Al-Qadim: Caravans: Campaign Guide. (TSR, Inc), p. 13. ISBN 1-56076-903-3.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb (August 1992). Land of Fate (Adventurer's Guide to Zakhara). (TSR, Inc), p. 32. ISBN 978-1560763291.
- ↑ Johnathan M. Richards (December 1998). “The Ecology of the Cyclopskin”. In Dave Gross ed. Dragon #254 (TSR, Inc.), p. 104.
- ↑ Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook, Skip Williams (August 2000). Player's Handbook 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 109. ISBN 0-7869-1551-4.
- ↑ Grant Boucher, Troy Christensen, Jon Pickens, John Terra and Scott Davis (1991). Arms and Equipment Guide. (TSR, Inc.), p. 117. ISBN 1-56076-109-1.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb and Andria Hayday (April 1992). Arabian Adventures. (TSR, Inc), p. 156. ISBN 978-1560763581.
- ↑ Rick Swan (1994). Al-Qadim: Caravans: Adventure Book. (TSR, Inc), p. 9. ISBN 1-56076-903-3.
- ↑ Ari Levitch, Michele Carter (March 2021). “Shemshime's Bedtime Rhyme”. In Michele Carter ed. Candlekeep Mysteries (Wizards of the Coast), p. 75. ISBN 978-0-7869-6722-3.
- ↑ Mike Pondsmith, Jay Batista, Rick Swan, John Nephew, Deborah Christian (1988). Kara-Tur: The Eastern Realms (Volume I). (TSR, Inc), p. 81. ISBN 0-88038-608-8.
- ↑ Wolfgang Baur, Rick Swan (June 1995). In the Cage: A Guide to Sigil. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 107. ISBN 978-0786901111.
- ↑ Scott Haring (1988). Empires of the Sands. (TSR, Inc), p. 10. ISBN 0-8803-8539-1.
- ↑ Adam Lee, et al. (September 2019). Baldur's Gate: Descent into Avernus. Edited by Michele Carter, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7869-6687-5.
- ↑ Rick Swan (1994). The Complete Paladin's Handbook. Edited by Allen Varney. (TSR, Inc), p. 80. ISBN 1-5607-6845-2.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1993). Volo's Guide to the North. (TSR, Inc), p. 209. ISBN 1-5607-6678-6.
- ↑ Rick Swan (1994). The Complete Paladin's Handbook. Edited by Allen Varney. (TSR, Inc), pp. 90–91. ISBN 1-5607-6845-2.
- ↑ Jennell Jaquays (February 1988). The Shattered Statue. Edited by Steve Perrin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 6. ISBN 0-88038-498-0.
- ↑ Logan Bonner, et al. (May 2012). Into the Unknown: The Dungeon Survival Handbook. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 79. ISBN 978-0786960323.
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- ↑ Wolfgang Baur and Lester Smith (1994-07-01). “The Book of Chaos”. In Michele Carter ed. Planes of Chaos (TSR, Inc), p. 37. ISBN 1560768746.
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 87. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1993). Volo's Guide to the North. (TSR, Inc), p. 198. ISBN 1-5607-6678-6.
- ↑ Douglas Niles (November 1987). Moonshae. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-88038-494-8.
- ↑ Steve Kenson, et al. (November 2015). Sword Coast Adventurer's Guide. Edited by Kim Mohan. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-0-7869-6580-9.
- ↑ Douglas Niles (November 1987). Moonshae. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 12. ISBN 0-88038-494-8.
- ↑ Douglas Niles (November 1987). Moonshae. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 42. ISBN 0-88038-494-8.
- ↑ Douglas Niles (November 1987). Moonshae. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 47. ISBN 0-88038-494-8.
- ↑ Christopher Perkins, et al. (September 2016). Storm King's Thunder. Edited by Kim Mohan, Michele Carter. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 104. ISBN 978-0-7869-6600-4.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1994). Volo's Guide to the Sword Coast. (TSR, Inc), p. 43. ISBN 1-5607-6940-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1994). Volo's Guide to the Sword Coast. (TSR, Inc), p. 61. ISBN 1-5607-6940-1.
- ↑ Steve Perrin (1987). Under Illefarn. Edited by Rick Swan. (TSR, Inc), pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-88038-489-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1993). Volo's Guide to the North. (TSR, Inc), p. 113. ISBN 1-5607-6678-6.
- ↑ Jennell Jaquays (1988). The Savage Frontier. (TSR, Inc), p. 15. ISBN 0-88038-593-6.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (2006-05-03). Environs of Waterdeep (Zipped PDF). Web Enhancement for City of Splendors: Waterdeep. Wizards of the Coast. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2016-08-16. Retrieved on 2009-10-07.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood and Jason Carl (July 2002). Silver Marches. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 22–23. ISBN 0-7869-2835-2.
- ↑ Christopher Perkins, et al. (September 2016). Storm King's Thunder. Edited by Kim Mohan, Michele Carter. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 46. ISBN 978-0-7869-6600-4.
- ↑ Christopher Perkins, et al. (September 2016). Storm King's Thunder. Edited by Kim Mohan, Michele Carter. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 76. ISBN 978-0-7869-6600-4.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1993). Volo's Guide to the North. (TSR, Inc), p. 45. ISBN 1-5607-6678-6.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1993). Volo's Guide to the North. (TSR, Inc), p. 52. ISBN 1-5607-6678-6.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1993). Volo's Guide to the North. (TSR, Inc), p. 213. ISBN 1-5607-6678-6.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood and Jason Carl (July 2002). Silver Marches. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 85. ISBN 0-7869-2835-2.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood and Jason Carl (July 2002). Silver Marches. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 73. ISBN 0-7869-2835-2.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood and Jason Carl (July 2002). Silver Marches. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 139. ISBN 0-7869-2835-2.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1993). Volo's Guide to the North. (TSR, Inc), p. 205. ISBN 1-5607-6678-6.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb and Ed Greenwood (1990). Forgotten Realms Adventures. (TSR, Inc), p. 78. ISBN 0-8803-8828-5.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb and Ed Greenwood (1990). Forgotten Realms Adventures. (TSR, Inc), p. 85. ISBN 0-8803-8828-5.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1994). Volo's Guide to the Sword Coast. (TSR, Inc), p. 93. ISBN 1-5607-6940-1.
- ↑ Steve Perrin (1987). Under Illefarn. Edited by Rick Swan. (TSR, Inc), p. 13. ISBN 0-88038-489-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1994). Volo's Guide to the Sword Coast. (TSR, Inc), p. 28. ISBN 1-5607-6940-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Matt Sernett, Steve Winter (August 20, 2013). “Campaign Guide”. In Dawn J. Geluso ed. Murder in Baldur's Gate (Wizards of the Coast), p. 6. ISBN 0-7869-6463-4.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Matt Sernett, Steve Winter (August 20, 2013). “Campaign Guide”. In Dawn J. Geluso ed. Murder in Baldur's Gate (Wizards of the Coast), p. 22. ISBN 0-7869-6463-4.
- ↑ Steve Kenson, et al. (November 2015). Sword Coast Adventurer's Guide. Edited by Kim Mohan. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 78. ISBN 978-0-7869-6580-9.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1994). Volo's Guide to the Sword Coast. (TSR, Inc), p. 139. ISBN 1-5607-6940-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1994). Volo's Guide to the Sword Coast. (TSR, Inc), p. 141. ISBN 1-5607-6940-1.
- ↑ Steve Kenson, et al. (November 2015). Sword Coast Adventurer's Guide. Edited by Kim Mohan. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 92. ISBN 978-0-7869-6580-9.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend (August 1997). “Book One: Tethyr”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Lands of Intrigue (TSR, Inc.), p. 56. ISBN 0-7869-0697-9.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend (August 1997). “Book One: Tethyr”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Lands of Intrigue (TSR, Inc.), p. 93. ISBN 0-7869-0697-9.
- ↑ Roger E. Moore (January 1999). Demihumans of the Realms. (TSR, Inc.), p. 72. ISBN 0-7869-1316-9.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend (August 1997). “Book Two: Amn”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Lands of Intrigue (TSR, Inc.), p. 26. ISBN 0-7869-0697-9.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend (August 1997). “Book Two: Amn”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Lands of Intrigue (TSR, Inc.), p. 33. ISBN 0-7869-0697-9.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend (August 1997). “Book Two: Amn”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Lands of Intrigue (TSR, Inc.), p. 53. ISBN 0-7869-0697-9.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend (August 1997). “Book Two: Amn”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Lands of Intrigue (TSR, Inc.), p. 56. ISBN 0-7869-0697-9.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (October 1998). The City of Ravens Bluff. Edited by John D. Rateliff. (TSR, Inc.), p. 144. ISBN 0-7869-1195-6.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (October 1998). The City of Ravens Bluff. Edited by John D. Rateliff. (TSR, Inc.), p. 148. ISBN 0-7869-1195-6.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (October 1998). The City of Ravens Bluff. Edited by John D. Rateliff. (TSR, Inc.), p. 155. ISBN 0-7869-1195-6.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (October 2012). Ed Greenwood Presents Elminster's Forgotten Realms. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 112. ISBN 0786960345.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (July 1995). Volo's Guide to Cormyr. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 182. ISBN 0-7869-0151-9.
- ↑ 113.0 113.1 Ed Greenwood (July 1995). Volo's Guide to Cormyr. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 78. ISBN 0-7869-0151-9.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (July 1995). Volo's Guide to Cormyr. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 205. ISBN 0-7869-0151-9.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (July 1995). Volo's Guide to Cormyr. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 142. ISBN 0-7869-0151-9.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1992). Haunted Halls of Eveningstar. (TSR, Inc), p. 3. ISBN 1-56076-325-6.
- ↑ 117.0 117.1 Ed Greenwood (February 2001). “The New Adventures of Volo: Lost Treasures of Cormyr, Part 3”. In Dave Gross ed. Dragon #280 (Wizards of the Coast), p. 87.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (July 1995). Volo's Guide to Cormyr. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), pp. 206–207. ISBN 0-7869-0151-9.
- ↑ Curtis Scott (March 1992). Pirates of the Fallen Stars. (TSR, Inc), p. 58. ISBN 978-1560763208.
- ↑ Scott Haring (1988). Empires of the Sands. (TSR, Inc), p. 48. ISBN 0-8803-8539-1.
- ↑ Scott Haring (1988). Empires of the Sands. (TSR, Inc), p. 56. ISBN 0-8803-8539-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (October 1990). Dwarves Deep. (TSR, Inc.), p. 46. ISBN 0-88038-880-3.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend, Dale Donovan (September 1998). Empires of the Shining Sea. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 129. ISBN 0-7869-1237-5.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend, Dale Donovan (September 1998). Empires of the Shining Sea. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 164. ISBN 0-7869-1237-5.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend, Dale Donovan (September 1998). Empires of the Shining Sea. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 167. ISBN 0-7869-1237-5.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Eric L. Boyd (March 2006). Power of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 149. ISBN 0-7869-3910-9.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Eric L. Boyd (March 2006). Power of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 151. ISBN 0-7869-3910-9.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (January 1996). Volo's Guide to the Dalelands. (TSR, Inc), p. 7. ISBN 0-7869-0406-2.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (January 1996). Volo's Guide to the Dalelands. (TSR, Inc), p. 173. ISBN 0-7869-0406-2.
- ↑ James Butler, Elizabeth T. Danforth, Jean Rabe (September 1994). “The Settled Lands”. In Karen S. Boomgarden ed. Elminster's Ecologies (TSR, Inc), p. 30. ISBN 1-5607-6917-3.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 120. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 131. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ Richard Baker, Eric L. Boyd, Thomas M. Reid (July 2007). Shadowdale: The Scouring of the Land. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 139–140. ISBN 07-8694-039-5.
- ↑ Bruce R. Cordell, Ed Greenwood, Chris Sims (August 2008). Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 132. ISBN 978-0-7869-4924-3.
- ↑ James Butler, Elizabeth T. Danforth, Jean Rabe (September 1994). “Explorer's Manual”. In Karen S. Boomgarden ed. Elminster's Ecologies (TSR, Inc), pp. 9–10. ISBN 1-5607-6917-3.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (November 1991). Anauroch. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 31. ISBN 1-56076-126-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (November 1991). Anauroch. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 69. ISBN 1-56076-126-1.
- ↑ Anthony Pryor (June 1995). “Campaign Guide”. In Michele Carter, Doug Stewart eds. Spellbound (TSR, Inc.), p. 73. ISBN 978-0786901395.
- ↑ Richard Baker, Matt Forbeck, Sean K. Reynolds (May 2003). Unapproachable East. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 138, 145. ISBN 0-7869-2881-6.
- ↑ Anthony Pryor (June 1995). “Campaign Guide”. In Michele Carter, Doug Stewart eds. Spellbound (TSR, Inc.), p. 52. ISBN 978-0786901395.
- ↑ Anthony Pryor (June 1995). “Campaign Guide”. In Michele Carter, Doug Stewart eds. Spellbound (TSR, Inc.), p. 55. ISBN 978-0786901395.
- ↑ Anthony Pryor (June 1995). “Campaign Guide”. In Michele Carter, Doug Stewart eds. Spellbound (TSR, Inc.), p. 65. ISBN 978-0786901395.
- ↑ Thomas Reid (October 2004). Shining South. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 10. ISBN 0-7869-3492-1.
- ↑ Thomas Reid (October 2004). Shining South. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 152. ISBN 0-7869-3492-1.
- ↑ Tom Prusa (1993). The Shining South. (TSR, Inc), p. 48. ISBN 1-56076-595-X.
- ↑ Tom Prusa (1993). The Shining South. (TSR, Inc), p. 61. ISBN 1-56076-595-X.
- ↑ Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 15. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- ↑ Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 40. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- ↑ 149.0 149.1 Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 51. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- ↑ Scott Bennie (February 1990). Old Empires. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 56. ISBN 978-0880388214.
- ↑ Brian R. James, Eric Menge (August 2012). Menzoberranzan: City of Intrigue. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 80. ISBN 978-0786960361.
- ↑ Reynolds, Forbeck, Jacobs, Boyd (March 2003). Races of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 50. ISBN 0-7869-2875-1.
- ↑ Douglas Niles (August 1991). “Maztica Alive”. Maztica Campaign Set (TSR, Inc.), p. 30. ISBN 1-5607-6084-2.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb (August 1992). Land of Fate (Adventurer's Guide to Zakhara). (TSR, Inc), p. 36. ISBN 978-1560763291.
- ↑ Skip Williams, Jonathan Tweet and Monte Cook (October 2000). Monster Manual 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 95. ISBN 0-7869-1552-1.
- ↑ 156.0 156.1 Jeff Grubb (August 1992). Land of Fate (Monster Sheets). (TSR, Inc). ISBN 978-1560763291.
- ↑ Wolfgang Baur, Steve Kurtz (1992). Monstrous Compendium Al-Qadim Appendix. (TSR, Inc), p. 39. ISBN l-56076-370-1.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb (August 1992). Land of Fate (Adventurer's Guide to Zakhara). (TSR, Inc), p. 96. ISBN 978-1560763291.
- ↑ Tim Beach, Tom Prusa and Steve Kurtz (1993). “Gem of Zakhara”. City of Delights (TSR, Inc), p. 14. ISBN 1-56076-589-5.
- ↑ Nicky Rea (1994). Corsairs of the Great Sea (Campaign Guide). (TSR, Inc), p. 27. ISBN 978-1560768678.
- ↑ David Cook (October 1992). “Nada al-Hazan”. In Bill Slavicsek ed. Golden Voyages (TSR, Inc.), p. 3. ISBN 978-1560763314.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 10. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 118. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 125. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume I”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 38. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 69. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 96. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ David Cook (August 1990). “Volume II”. In Steve Winter ed. The Horde (TSR, Inc.), p. 97. ISBN 0-88038-868-4.
- ↑ Karen Wynn Fonstad (August 1990). The Forgotten Realms Atlas. (TSR, Inc), p. 13. ISBN 978-0880388573.
- ↑ Mike Pondsmith, Jay Batista, Rick Swan, John Nephew, Deborah Christian (1988). Kara-Tur: The Eastern Realms (Volume I). (TSR, Inc), p. 69. ISBN 0-88038-608-8.
- ↑ Mike Pondsmith, Jay Batista, Rick Swan, John Nephew, Deborah Christian (1988). Kara-Tur: The Eastern Realms (Volume I). (TSR, Inc), p. 92. ISBN 0-88038-608-8.
- ↑ Rick Swan (July 1990). Monstrous Compendium Kara-Tur Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), p. 37. ISBN 0-88038-851-X.
- ↑ Bruce R. Cordell, Ed Greenwood, Chris Sims (August 2008). Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 211. ISBN 978-0-7869-4924-3.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb, Bruce R. Cordell, David Noonan (September 2001). Manual of the Planes 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 137. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb, Bruce R. Cordell, David Noonan (September 2001). Manual of the Planes 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 130. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8.
- ↑ Wolfgang Baur and Lester Smith (1994-07-01). “The Book of Chaos”. In Michele Carter ed. Planes of Chaos (TSR, Inc), p. 45. ISBN 1560768746.
- ↑ David "Zeb" Cook (1994). Planescape Campaign Setting, A Player's Guide to the Planes. Edited by David Wise. (TSR, Inc), p. 11. ISBN 978-1560768340.
- ↑ Rodney Thompson, Claudio Pozas, Steve Townshend (2011). Player's Option: Heroes of the Feywild. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 6. ISBN 978-0786958368.
- ↑ Rodney Thompson, Claudio Pozas, Steve Townshend (2011). Player's Option: Heroes of the Feywild. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 152. ISBN 978-0786958368.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (November 1998). Demihuman Deities. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 220. ISBN 0-7869-1239-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Jeff Grubb (August 1987). “DM's Sourcebook of the Realms”. In Karen S. Martin ed. Forgotten Realms Campaign Set (TSR, Inc.), p. 40. ISBN 0-88038-472-7.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (November 1991). Anauroch. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 6. ISBN 1-56076-126-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (November 1991). Anauroch. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 59. ISBN 1-56076-126-1.
- ↑ James Butler, Elizabeth T. Danforth, Jean Rabe (September 1994). “Anauroch”. In Karen S. Boomgarden ed. Elminster's Ecologies (TSR, Inc), p. 13. ISBN 1-5607-6917-3.
- ↑ Wolfgang Baur, James Jacobs, George Strayton (September 2004). Frostburn. Edited by Greg Collins. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 130. ISBN 0-7869-2896-4.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend, Dale Donovan (September 1998). Empires of the Shining Sea. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 123. ISBN 0-7869-1237-5.
- ↑ John Nephew and Jonathan Tweet (April 1992). City of Gold. (TSR, Inc), p. 16. ISBN 978-1560763222.
- ↑ David Cook (1991). Monstrous Compendium Forgotten Realms Appendix (MC11). (TSR, Inc), p. 25. ISBN l-56076-111-3.
- ↑ Skip Williams, Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook (July 2003). Monster Manual v.3.5. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 125. ISBN 0-7869-2893-X.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1987). Waterdeep and the North. (TSR, Inc), p. 46. ISBN 0-88038-490-5.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (August 2006). Swords of Eveningstar. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 16, 66. ISBN 978-0-7869-4022-6.