For other uses, see Telepathy (disambiguation).
Telepathy was a general term for abilities of variously magical,[1] psionic,[2] or supernatural nature[3] that enabled intelligent creatures and objects to send and receive thoughts to another, allowing for mental communication without words.[1][3]
Description[]
Generally, a creature had to possess knowledge of at least a single language in order to use telepathy,[4] but did not need to share a language with creatures they telepathically communicated with.[1][3] But some creatures possessed more limited forms of telepathy. "Limited telepathy" could refer to telepathy that was limited to members of one's own species,[5][6] telepathy limited by shared language,[7][8][9] telepathy that was one-way communication,[10] or only being able to telepathically communicate images, emotions, and simple ideas.[11]
In some cases, telepathy manifested as a narrow link between a servitor creature or object and their master. This was exhibited by darkenbeasts,[12] familiars, the spirits summoned with find steed,[13] the animal companions gained with find companion,[14] grandfather plaques,[15] homunculi, imps,[16][17] incarnates,[18] psicrystals,[19] quasits,[20] serpentine owls,[21][22] vizier's turbans,[23] and the Copper Demon of Tros trapped within the Acorn of Wo Mai.[24]
Most forms of telepathy didn't require being within eyesight of a target to initiate telepathic communication, though there was a maximum effective range[1][4] and if either party strayed from it the connection would be severed.[1] This range varied depending upon the creature,[1][3] though in many cases was around 100 feet (30 meters).[3] Telepathic communication would also be severed if a creature was incapacitated or in some cases, contacted a different mind,[1] as telepathy was usually limited to one or two-way communication with a single target.[1][3][4] While it was possible for some to telepathically communicate with multiple targets, it was quite the difficult feat.[3]
Those who lacked access to telepathy by any means could readily receive and respond to telepathic messages, but were incapable of terminating communication. By contrast, those with telepathy could end a telepathic contact at any time.[1]
Protection[]
There were a number of methods one could employ to either guard themselves against any attempts at telepathic communication[25] or to outright incapacitate a creature's telepathic abilities.[26][27] For spellcasters, spells that protected against mental-based effects could be used for this purpose, such as cloak of insanity[25] or impervious sanctity of mind.[28] To outright make magical forms of communication like telepathy impossible, one could cast spiral of degeneration, a quest spell which created a magic debilitating area of effect.[27] For psionics users, the four psionic defense modes would be relied upon to protect against unwanted contact with their minds – mental barrier, mind bar, mind blank, and tower of iron will.[29]
In terms of magical items, dust of dullness could temporarily disable any sort of "sixth sense",[26] whilst the knave's eye patch blocked unwanted telepathic communication.[30] In terms of specific lifepaths that carried the benefit of warding off telepathy, expert masterminds honed their mental fortitude to the point where it could not be unwillingly pierced by telepathic communications.[31] And proficiently skilled warlocks of a Great Old One pact had their thoughts shielded against telepathy.[32]
With the Blood War being waged between two telepathic groups, the archdevils of Baator outfitted their flying fortresses with devices that allowed one to disrupt all telepathic communication within a 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) radius.[33]
Subtypes[]
- Empathy
- Also known as telempathy,[34] was a subtype of telepathy[35] wherein communication was made through the transmission of emotions and feelings.[36] Some creatures were found to exhibit both empathy and the more standard form of telepathy.[34][35][37]
- Telepathic link
- A term sometimes used to refer to telepathy that was the result of a shared communal consciousness. Creatures with this form of telepathy could mentally communicate with other members of their species and within a certain range would be in constant mental contact with one another. Species with a telepathic link,[38] such as the arcane,[39] had an acute awareness of whenever a member of their species was harmed or injured.[38][39]
Telepathy Granters[]
There were a variety of powers, spells, and items across the Realms that could grant telepathy to those who lacked the ability:
- Many dominating enchantment spells established telepathic links between the spellcaster and their target, such as dominate beast, dominate monster, and dominate person.[40]
- Beast bond, a divination spell that created a telepathic link between a spellcaster and a target animal.[41]
- Circlets of limited telepathy, enchanted circlets that allowed a wearer to telepathically communicate with anyone else wearing a copy of them.[42]
- Crystal ball of telepathy.[43][44]
- Dark foresight, a warlock invocation.[45]
- While the word "telepathy" was sometimes used as a catch-all term for psionics,[46] this branch of effects was limited to the psionic discipline of telepathy,[47] which included such powers as mindlink.[48]
- The flying fortresses of the archdevils were outfitted with devices that allowed one to emit telepathic messages to all devils within a 1 mi (1.6 km) radius.[33]
- A helm of telepathy allowed for two-way telepathic communication,[49][50] though older iterations of these enchanted helmets only allowed for the reading of a targeted creature's thoughts.[51]
- Radiant flames, a blessing granted by Tyranthraxus to his cultists, bestowed telepathy.[52]
- Rapport, a divine alteration spell that was an improvement upon the spell telepathy.[53]
- Rary's telepathic bond, an arcane divination spell that formed a telepathic link between a spellcaster and up to eight targets.[54]
- Revelation, a powerful quest spell that, among many other effects, granted a spellcaster the ability to telepathically communicate with humanoids out to a range of 240 yards (220 meters) for a single day.[55]
- A ring of dragons, though the telepathy it granted was limited to communication with true dragons.[56]
- The silver mind flayer tooth, if implanted in a creature's mouth, would grant the power of telepathy and to cast detect thoughts at will.[57]
- Speak with astral traveler, a divine spell that allowed a spellcaster to enable telepathic communication with an individual whose mind was seperated from their body due to astral projection.[58]
- Telepathic broadcast, a divine alteration spell available to priests of the Red Knight, that established a one-way telepathic link between the spellcaster and all friendly creatures within 270 feet (82 meters) of them.[59]
- Telepathy, an arcane evocation spell of unlimited range that established a telepathic link between the spellcaster and one other creature on the same plane of existence.[60]
- Telepathy candles exclusively granted telepathy to a mystic so long as their wick burned.[61]
Classes[]
- Communing with eldritch and Far Realm entities could lead to the development of telepathic abilities, as was the case with aberrant minds[9] and warlocks with Great Old One patrons.[32]
- Demonologists of sufficient experience gained a form of telepathy comparable to that of the demons they studied, but limited to a range of 100 ft (30 m).[62]
- Divine disciples were granted a limited telepathic ability by their deities, only usable on nearby outsiders that shared the same moral and ethical alignment as their god.[63]
- All mindbenders began their journey by unlocking the ability to communicate telepathically out to a range of 100 ft (30 m).[64]
- Rangers that took up the path of a beast master developed a limited form of telepathy, allowing them to communicate with nearby animals.[65]
- Soulknives obtained a form of psionic telepathy. It was limited to 1 mi (1.6 km) and a contacted creature could terminate the telepathic communication if it so desired.[66]
- Techsmiths exhibited a limited form of telepathy, allowing them to communicate with nearby constructs.[67]
Telepathic Objects[]
Most sapient magical items, referred to as "sentient items", had the ability to speak telepathically,[68][69] as did many psionic items[70] and some items that were imbued with sentience by the spell life force transfer,[71] though some sentient items were limited to empathic communication.[69] Even magical traps could be imbued with intelligence and the ability to speak empathically or telepathically.[72] And in a rare example of an entire building bestowed sapience and telepathy, there was the Undying Temple of Kiaransalee.[73]
About 30% of psionic items were found to telepathically utter some sort of mental "noise", either when unsheathed, when they drew first blood, or when they were used to kill an enemy. This "noise" varied quite a bit, in some cases being crooning or screams and in other cases recitations of battle poems.[74]
Notable Telepathic Creatures[]
Several creatures were notable for their ability to telepathically communicate with others. Some of the most notable creatures with this ability in the Realms were:
- Many abominations could telepathically communicate with other creatures within 1,000 feet (300 meters) of themselves, as long as that creature also spoke a language.[75]
- Most angels possessed some form of telepathy, including devas, planetars, solars,[76] and agathinon.[77]
- Beyond angels, a number of powerful celestial creatures exhibited telepathy, such as couatl,[78][79] guardinals,[80] moon dogs,[81] ki-rin,[82] and unicorns.[83] The telepathy of guardinals was uniquely limited to conversing with natural and non-monstrous creatures, meaning they could not converse with the likes of beholders or catoblepas.[80]
- Atropals exhibited incredibly powerful telepathy, spanning out to a range of 1,000 ft (300 m).[84]
- Among beholderkin, spectators[85][86] and eyes of the deep exhibited telepathy, though the latter could only communicate with those who shared a language.[8] Additionally, beholders and beholderkin who developed psionics often knew the power mindlink.[87]
- Among deep bats, azmyths[6] sinisters possessed short-range telepathy.[6][88]
- Dolphins on the planet Karpri exhibited an innate telepathy.[89]
- Some dragons exhibited the ability to telepathically communicate with any intelligent creature, though occurrence of telepathy varied based upon age and intelligence.[90] Those particularly known for exhibiting telepathy included amber dragons,[91] cobalt dragons,[92] faerie dragons,[93][94][95] iron dragons,[96] jacinth dragons,[97] and all gem dragons.[98]
- Among the fiends of the Lower Planes, a special form of telepathy was exhibited by all baatezu,[99][100][101] loumara, obyriths,[102] tanar'ri,[103][104][105][106] and yugoloths[107][108] with average or above average intelligence.[103][104][105]
- Flumphs exhibited advanced telepathic abilities, allowing them to perceive the content of any telepathic message used within 60 feet (18 meters) of them.[109]
- All foulspawn, humanoids corrupted by the Far Realm, possessed telepathy.[110]
- All of the base genie types, including the jann, had a limited form of telepathy that allowed them to communicate with creatures of at least low intelligence.[111][112] Among the tasked genies, this ability was only exhibited by administrator genies.[113]
- Ghostwise halflings were one of the few demihuman races to exhibit innate telepathy, though they could only communicate with those they shared a language with.[7]
- All gulguthra possessed limited telepathy. Neo-otyughs had the more sophisticated of the two,[114][115] whilst otyughs could only communicate simple images and messages in hopes of luring sentient creatures to their lairs.[10]
- Illithids,[116] a race who preferred to communicate among themselves entirely by means of their telepathy,[117][118] even conducting prayers to their patron god Ilsensine telepathically.[119] As illithids matured they gained greater control over their telepathy and could communicate with multiple minds at once.[118] Many illithid-kin were also found to exhibit telepathy, such as brainstealer dragons,[120] elder brain dragons,[121] gnome squidlings,[122] and mindwitnesses.[123]
- Meenlocks exhibited powerful telepathic abilities, able to communicate with creatures from 300 feet (91 meters) away.[124]
- Miniature giant space hamsters possessed short-range telepathy, though kept their ability hidden from most creatures they encountered.[125]
- All modrons of the hierarch rank possessed telepathy, with the effective distance of the ability scaling with rank. The leader of the modrons, Primus, could telepathically communicate at an unlimited range to any creature on the plane of Nirvana.[126]
- Myconids were capable of releasing special spores, referred to as "rapport spores", that allowed them and affected creatures to communicate telepathically.[127][128]
- Noctrals possessed telepathy that they used to converse with most mortal creatures out to a range of 1 mi (1.6 km).[129]
- The pasari-niml of Zakhara exhibited telepathy, which they generated and received through their antennae, though the ability was only present for them when within 1 mi (1.6 km) of their colony's calipha.[130]
- Phaerimm, who exclusively spoke with other creatures by means of their telepathy as the phaerimm language was impossible for other species to reproduce.[131]
- The phoenixes of Elysium possessed both limited telepathy and telempathy.[34][132]
- All rilmani could both speak telepathically with intelligent creatures and speak empathically with animals or non-intelligent monsters.[35]
- Sahuagin exhibited a limited ability to telepathically communicate simple concepts to nearby sharks.[133]
- Slaadi as a whole all exhibited a limited ability to communicate telepathically, allowing them to understand and converse with all other intelligent creatures.[134][135][136]
- Spellweavers were powerful telepaths, who could communicate with creatures from a distance of 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers). Any attempts to initiate telepathic communication with them was met with a terrible mental backlash.[137]
- The telepathic pentacle, an aberrant creature created as a result of failed experiments into telepathy by Netherese spellcasters.[138]
- T'uen-rin possessed both standard telepathic and empathic communication.[37]
- While typically exhibited by living creatures, some undead were found to exhibit telepathy, such as bone nagas,[139] drowned ones,[140] ghost dragons,[141] mist horrors,[142] nightshades,[143] vampiric mists,[144] and zombie lords. Lords in particular were limited to only telepathic communication with other undead.[145]
- According to famed monster hunter Rudolph Van Richten, if a vampire ever drank the blood of another vampire the two undead would become intimately linked for the next one to three hours, allowing them to telepathically communicate with each other. This telepathy was said to have an unlimited range.[146]
Appendix[]
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 9. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Monte Cook, Jonathan Tweet, Skip Williams (July 2003). Dungeon Master's Guide v.3.5. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 297. ISBN 0-7869-2889-1.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Skip Williams, Jonathan Tweet and Monte Cook (October 2000). Monster Manual 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 316. ISBN 0-7869-1552-1.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mike Mearls, Stephen Schubert, James Wyatt (June 2008). Monster Manual 4th edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 283. ISBN 978-0-7869-4852-9.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (August 1983). Monster Manual II 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 110. ISBN 0-88038-031-4.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 16. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 17–18. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ed Greenwood (January 1985). “The Ecology of the Eye of the Deep”. In Kim Mohan ed. Dragon #93 (TSR, Inc.), pp. 18–19.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Jeremy Crawford (November 17, 2020). Tasha's Cauldron of Everything. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 67–68. ISBN 978-0786967025.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 248. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford (2014). Player's Handbook 5th edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 308. ISBN 978-0-7869-6560-1.
- ↑ David Cook, Steve Winter, and Jon Pickens (November 1989). Monstrous Compendium Volume Three Forgotten Realms Appendix (MC3). (TSR, Inc), p. 16. ISBN 0-88038-769-6.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford (2014). Player's Handbook 5th edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 240. ISBN 978-0-7869-6560-1.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 108. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Jon Pickens ed. (November 1996). Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 50. ISBN 0786904496.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (December 1977). Monster Manual, 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), pp. 53–54. ISBN 0-935696-00-8.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), pp. 192, 201. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Allen Varney, ed. (June 1994). Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), p. 59. ISBN 978-1560768623.
- ↑ Bruce R. Cordell (April 2004). Expanded Psionics Handbook. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 22. ISBN 0-7869-3301-1.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (December 1977). Monster Manual, 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 80. ISBN 0-935696-00-8.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (1979). Dungeon Masters Guide 1st edition. (TSR, Inc.), p. 145. ISBN 0-9356-9602-4.
- ↑ Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins, James Wyatt (December 2014). Dungeon Master's Guide 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 170. ISBN 978-0-7869-6562-5.
- ↑ Jon Pickens ed. (1995). Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Two. (TSR, Inc.), p. 110. ISBN 0-7869-0199-3.
- ↑ David "Zeb" Cook (December 1993). Book of Artifacts. (TSR, Inc), pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-1560766728.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Ed Greenwood (1992). Menzoberranzan (The City). Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc), pp. 67–68. ISBN 1-5607-6460-0.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 slade et al. (February 1995). Encyclopedia Magica Volume II. (TSR, Inc.), p. 420.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Jon Pickens et al. (1999). Priest's Spell Compendium Volume Three. (TSR, Inc), p. 742. ISBN 9780786913596.
- ↑ Richard Baker (1996). Player's Option: Spells & Magic. (TSR, Inc), p. 178. ISBN 0-7869-0394-5.
- ↑ Steve Winter (1991). The Complete Psionics Handbook. (TSR, Inc.), pp. 25, 79, 87–88. ISBN 1-56076-054-0.
- ↑ Christopher Perkins, James Haeck, James Introcaso, Adam Lee, Matthew Sernett (September 2018). Waterdeep: Dragon Heist. Edited by Jeremy Crawford. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7869-6625-7.
- ↑ Jeremy Crawford, Mike Mearls (November 2017). Xanathar's Guide to Everything. Edited by Kim Mohan, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 46. ISBN 978-0-7869-6612-7.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford (2014). Player's Handbook 5th edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 110. ISBN 978-0-7869-6560-1.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Adam Lee, et al. (September 2019). Baldur's Gate: Descent into Avernus. Edited by Michele Carter, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 121. ISBN 978-0-7869-6687-5.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Gary Gygax (August 1983). Monster Manual II 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 101. ISBN 0-88038-031-4.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Richard Baker (October 1995). Monstrous Compendium Planescape Appendix II. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 84. ISBN 0-7869-0173-X.
- ↑ slade et al. (February 1995). Encyclopedia Magica Volume II. (TSR, Inc.), pp. 420, 593.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Richard Baker (October 1995). Monstrous Compendium Planescape Appendix II. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 104. ISBN 0-7869-0173-X.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 Gwendolyn F.M. Kestrel (July 2006). Monster Manual IV. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 219. ISBN 0-7869-3920-6.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 8. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford (2014). Player's Handbook 5th edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7869-6560-1.
- ↑ Jeremy Crawford, Mike Mearls (November 2017). Xanathar's Guide to Everything. Edited by Kim Mohan, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 150. ISBN 978-0-7869-6612-7.
- ↑ Scott Fitzgerald Gray (April 29, 2014). Dead in Thay. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 6.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (1979). Dungeon Masters Guide 1st edition. (TSR, Inc.), p. 141. ISBN 0-9356-9602-4.
- ↑ Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins, James Wyatt (December 2014). Dungeon Master's Guide 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 159. ISBN 978-0-7869-6562-5.
- ↑ Richard Baker (November 2004). Complete Arcane. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 133. ISBN 0-7869-3435-2.
- ↑ Monte Cook, Jonathan Tweet, Skip Williams (July 2003). Dungeon Master's Guide v.3.5. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 297. ISBN 0-7869-2889-1.
- ↑ Bruce R. Cordell (April 2004). Expanded Psionics Handbook. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 58. ISBN 0-7869-3301-1.
- ↑ Bruce R. Cordell (April 2004). Expanded Psionics Handbook. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 120–121. ISBN 0-7869-3301-1.
- ↑ Monte Cook, Jonathan Tweet, Skip Williams (July 2003). Dungeon Master's Guide v.3.5. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 259. ISBN 0-7869-2889-1.
- ↑ Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins, James Wyatt (December 2014). Dungeon Master's Guide 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 174. ISBN 978-0-7869-6562-5.
- ↑ David "Zeb" Cook (1989). Dungeon Master's Guide 2nd edition. (TSR, Inc.), p. 171. ISBN 0-88038-729-7.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford (May 29, 2018). Mordenkainen's Tome of Foes. Edited by Kim Mohan, Michele Carter. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 30–32. ISBN 978-0786966240.
- ↑ Cook, Findley, Herring, Kubasik, Sargent, Swan (1991). Tome of Magic 2nd edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 84. ISBN 1-56076-107-5.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford (2014). Player's Handbook 5th edition. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 270–271. ISBN 978-0-7869-6560-1.
- ↑ Cook, Findley, Herring, Kubasik, Sargent, Swan (1991). Tome of Magic 2nd edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 118. ISBN 1-56076-107-5.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Julia Martin, Jeff Grubb (1993). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 2nd edition (revised), Running the Realms. (TSR, Inc), p. 26. ISBN 1-5607-6617-4.
- ↑ Jeremy Crawford (November 17, 2020). Tasha's Cauldron of Everything. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 136. ISBN 978-0786967025.
- ↑ Cook, Findley, Herring, Kubasik, Sargent, Swan (1991). Tome of Magic 2nd edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 55. ISBN 1-56076-107-5.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (September 1997). Powers & Pantheons. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 47. ISBN 978-0786906574.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford (2014). Player's Handbook 5th edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 281. ISBN 978-0-7869-6560-1.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 187. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Monte Cook (October 2002). Book of Vile Darkness. Edited by David Noonan, Penny Williams. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 55. ISBN 0-7869-3136-1.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 44. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ Richard Baker (November 2004). Complete Arcane. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 55. ISBN 0-7869-3435-2.
- ↑ Rick Swan (1993). The Complete Ranger's Handbook. Edited by Elizabeth Danforth. (TSR, Inc), pp. 47–49. ISBN 1560766344.
- ↑ Jeremy Crawford (November 17, 2020). Tasha's Cauldron of Everything. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 64. ISBN 978-0786967025.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd, Erik Mona (May 2002). Faiths and Pantheons. Edited by Gwendolyn F.M. Kestrel, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 206–208. ISBN 0-7869-2759-3.
- ↑ Monte Cook, Jonathan Tweet, Skip Williams (July 2003). Dungeon Master's Guide v.3.5. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 269, 297. ISBN 0-7869-2889-1.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 David "Zeb" Cook (1989). Dungeon Master's Guide 2nd edition. (TSR, Inc.), p. 186. ISBN 0-88038-729-7.
- ↑ Steve Winter (1991). The Complete Psionics Handbook. (TSR, Inc.), pp. 93–94. ISBN 1-56076-054-0.
- ↑ Mark Middleton et al (January 1998). Wizard's Spell Compendium Volume Two. (TSR, Inc), p. 509. ISBN 978-0786906642.
- ↑ Jason Bulmahn, Rich Burlew (February 2007). Dungeonscape. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 132. ISBN 978-0-7869-4118-6.
- ↑ James Wyatt (September 2002). City of the Spider Queen. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 102. ISBN 0-7869-1212-X.
- ↑ Bruce R. Cordell (April 2004). Expanded Psionics Handbook. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 164. ISBN 0-7869-3301-1.
- ↑ Andy Collins, Bruce R. Cordell (July 2002). Epic Level Handbook. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 157–169. ISBN 0-7869-2658-9.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 16–18. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Allen Varney, ed. (June 1994). Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), p. 5. ISBN 978-1560768623.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 46. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 43. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ 80.0 80.1 Richard Baker (October 1995). Monstrous Compendium Planescape Appendix II. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 42. ISBN 0-7869-0173-X.
- ↑ James Wyatt, Darrin Drader, Christopher Perkins (October 2003). Book of Exalted Deeds. (TSR, Inc), pp. 179–180. ISBN 0-7869-3136-1.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, et al. (November 2016). Volo's Guide to Monsters. Edited by Jeremy Crawford, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 163. ISBN 978-0786966011.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 294. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Andy Collins, Bruce R. Cordell (July 2002). Epic Level Handbook. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 159–160. ISBN 0-7869-2658-9.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 23. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 30. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Aaron Allston (1996). I, Tyrant. (TSR, Inc.), p. 31. ISBN 0-7869-0404-6.
- ↑ James Wyatt, Rob Heinsoo (February 2001). Monster Compendium: Monsters of Faerûn. Edited by Duane Maxwell. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 20. ISBN 0-7869-1832-2.
- ↑ Dale "slade" Henson (April 1991). Realmspace. Edited by Gary L. Thomas, Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc), p. 33. ISBN 1-56076-052-4.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 63. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Jon Pickens ed. (November 1996). Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 28. ISBN 0786904496.
- ↑ Jason M. Walker (June 1991). “The Dragon's Bestiary: Give your campaign some heavy metal—dragons that is”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Dragon #170 (TSR, Inc.), p. 28.
- ↑ Nigel Findley, et al. (October 1990). Draconomicon. Edited by Mike Breault. (TSR, Inc.), p. 17. ISBN 0-8803-8876-5.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 89. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 133. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Jason M. Walker (June 1991). “The Dragon's Bestiary: Give your campaign some heavy metal—dragons that is”. In Roger E. Moore ed. Dragon #170 (TSR, Inc.), p. 30.
- ↑ David Wise ed. (December 1994). Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume One. (TSR, Inc), p. 37. ISBN 156076838X.
- ↑ James Wyatt (October 2021). Fizban's Treasury of Dragons. Edited by Judy Bauer, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 160–162, 170–172, 195–197, 211–213, 215–216, 220–221. ISBN 978-0-7869-6729-2.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (December 1977). Monster Manual, 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 20. ISBN 0-935696-00-8.
- ↑ Allen Varney, ed. (June 1994). Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), p. 16. ISBN 978-1560768623.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 70–78. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Ed Stark, James Jacobs, Erik Mona (June 13, 2006). Fiendish Codex I: Hordes of the Abyss. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 27–28. ISBN 0-7869-3919-2.
- ↑ 103.0 103.1 Gary Gygax (December 1977). Monster Manual, 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 16. ISBN 0-935696-00-8.
- ↑ 104.0 104.1 Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 337. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ 105.0 105.1 Allen Varney, ed. (June 1994). Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), p. 93. ISBN 978-1560768623.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 55–64, 285. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Allen Varney, ed. (June 1994). Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), pp. 121–127. ISBN 978-1560768623.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 313–314. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 135. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Stephen Schubert, James Wyatt (June 2008). Monster Manual 4th edition. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-0-7869-4852-9.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 126. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb (August 1992). Land of Fate (Monster Sheets). (TSR, Inc). ISBN 978-1560763291.
- ↑ Monstrous Compendium included in Tim Beach, Tom Prusa and Steve Kurtz (1993). City of Delights. (TSR, Inc). ISBN 1-56076-589-5.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 283. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (December 1977). Monster Manual, 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), pp. 73, 77. ISBN 0-935696-00-8.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 251. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 221–222. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ 118.0 118.1 Richard Baker, James Jacobs, and Steve Winter (April 2005). Lords of Madness: The Book of Aberrations. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 71. ISBN 0-7869-3657-6.
- ↑ Bruce R. Cordell (April 2004). Expanded Psionics Handbook. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 222. ISBN 0-7869-3301-1.
- ↑ Kevin Baase, Eric Jansing, Oliver Frank, and Bill Halliar (November 2005). “Monsters of the Mind – Minions of the Mindflayers”. In Erik Mona ed. Dragon #337 (Paizo Publishing), pp. 26–27.
- ↑ James Wyatt (October 2021). Fizban's Treasury of Dragons. Edited by Judy Bauer, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 194. ISBN 978-0-7869-6729-2.
- ↑ Christopher Perkins (September 2020). Icewind Dale: Rime of the Frostmaiden. Edited by Kim Mohan. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 303. ISBN 978-0786966981.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, et al. (November 2016). Volo's Guide to Monsters. Edited by Jeremy Crawford, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 176. ISBN 978-0786966011.
- ↑ Jon Pickens ed. (1995). Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Two. (TSR, Inc.), p. 86. ISBN 0-7869-0199-3.
- ↑ Christopher Perkins (August 2022). “Boo's Astral Menagerie”. In Judy Bauer, Kim Mohan eds. Spelljammer: Adventures in Space (Wizards of the Coast), p. 56. ISBN 978-0-7869-6816-9.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (August 1983). Monster Manual II 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 86. ISBN 0-88038-031-4.
- ↑ Gary Gygax (August 1983). Monster Manual II 1st edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 94. ISBN 0-88038-031-4.
- ↑ Skip Williams, Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook (July 2003). Monster Manual v.3.5. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 155–156. ISBN 0-7869-2893-X.
- ↑ Richard Baker (October 1995). Monstrous Compendium Planescape Appendix II. Edited by Karen S. Boomgarden. (TSR, Inc.), p. 68. ISBN 0-7869-0173-X.
- ↑ Monstrous Compendium included in Tim Beach, Tom Prusa and Steve Kurtz (1993). City of Delights. (TSR, Inc). ISBN 1-56076-589-5.
- ↑ James Wyatt, Rob Heinsoo (February 2001). Monster Compendium: Monsters of Faerûn. Edited by Duane Maxwell. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 70. ISBN 0-7869-1832-2.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 288. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 263. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 318. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Allen Varney, ed. (June 1994). Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix. (TSR, Inc.), p. 88. ISBN 978-1560768623.
- ↑ Mike Mearls, Jeremy Crawford, Christopher Perkins (2014-09-30). Monster Manual 5th edition. Edited by Scott Fitzgerald Gray. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 276–278. ISBN 978-0786965614.
- ↑ Ed Bonny, Jeff Grubb, Rich Redman, Skip Williams, and Steve Winter (September 2002). Monster Manual II 3rd edition. (TSR, Inc), pp. 187–188. ISBN 07-8692-873-5.
- ↑ Christopher Perkins (September 2020). Icewind Dale: Rime of the Frostmaiden. Edited by Kim Mohan. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 244. ISBN 978-0786966981.
- ↑ Ed Bonny, Jeff Grubb, Rich Redman, Skip Williams, and Steve Winter (September 2002). Monster Manual II 3rd edition. (TSR, Inc), p. 35. ISBN 07-8692-873-5.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 374. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ James Wyatt (October 2021). Fizban's Treasury of Dragons. Edited by Judy Bauer, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 203. ISBN 978-0-7869-6729-2.
- ↑ William W. Connors (1996). Monstrous Compendium - Ravenloft Appendices I & II. (TSR, Inc.), p. 38. ISBN 0786903929.
- ↑ Skip Williams, Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook (July 2003). Monster Manual v.3.5. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 195–197. ISBN 0-7869-2893-X.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 254. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Doug Stewart (June 1993). Monstrous Manual. (TSR, Inc), p. 373. ISBN 1-5607-6619-0.
- ↑ Nigel D. Findley (January 1992). Van Richten's Guide to Vampires. Edited by David Wise. (TSR, Inc.), p. 69. ISBN 1-56076-151-2.