The Time of Troubles was a cataclysmic time period in the chronology of Faerûn. Taking place during 1358 DR, the Year of Shadows,[2] the Time of Troubles was a period during which the deities of Faerûn were forced to walk the earth in their mortal avatar forms. Several major deities died during the Time of Troubles (see Deaths, Ascensions, and Resurrections) and a handful of mortals rose to divinity.[3]
Etymology[]
Other names that this cataclysmic period was known by included the Arrival,[2] the Avatar Crisis, the Godswar,[2][4][5] the Time of the Avatars, the Fall of the Gods, and the Intervention of Ao.[4]
Summary[]
The Time of Troubles was precipitated by an attempt by the gods Bane and Myrkul to steal the Tablets of Fate from the overdeity Ao. Angry at the gods for their habitual pursuit of power and negligence toward their mortal faithful,[3] Lord Ao relegated every god (except for the guardian god Helm, selected to protect the gates to the heavens[6]) to walk among their followers on the earth.[3] This included the gods of pantheons far removed from Faerûn, such as the Kara-Turan pantheon and Maztican pantheon.[7]
The immediate effects of this edict were threefold. First, divine magic (spells granted to clerics by their patron deities) ceased to function altogether[8] unless the cleric was within one mile of their deity's avatar. Second, arcane magic (a force channeled from the Weave by wizards and sorcerers) ceased to be regulated by its steward, Mystra, and became dangerously unpredictable.[3] Third, the characteristically immortal and aloof deities were now vulnerable (though still devastatingly powerful) and dwelling among the civilizations of Faerûn.[9]
Deaths, Ascensions, and Resurrections[]
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The Time of Troubles was a time of significant turnover among the gods of the Faerûnian pantheon.[9] Several deities were "destroyed" (see below) during this period. The following are deities who were killed or incapacitated during the Time of Troubles:
- 1358-07-30 - Mystra, greater goddess of magic and among the most powerful of the gods, was in turn destroyed[3] when she attempted to bypass Helm at the Celestial Stairway.[10]
- 1358-08-13 - Bane, greater god of tyranny, strife and hatred, a member of the Dead Three, was slain on Eleasis 13 in a climactic battle with the demigod Torm in battle outside of Tantras.[3]
- 1358-08-13 - Torm, demigod and patron deity of paladins, was annihilated by Bane with his dying breath. He was later resurrected by Ao because he died fulfilling the obligations of his portfolio.[3]
- 1358-09-16 - Bhaal, intermediate god of murder, was slain by the young mortal Cyric with the sword Godsbane.[3][11] What remained of his essence was absorbed by the Winding Water.[11] However, Bhaal had foreseen his own death, and had populated Faerûn with his progeny, the Bhaalspawn, in a bid to resurrect himself.[3]
- Tiamat's three-headed incarnation was slain by Gilgeam. Her essence was divided among three dragons, the red Tchazzar, the blue Gestaniius, and the green Skuthosiin. Tchazzar consumed the other two and was subsumed by Tiamat. The Dragon Queen then destroyed Gilgeam late in the Godswar.[12]
- Gilgeam, demigod and king of Unther, was slain by Tiamat.[9]
- Herne, a corrupted avatar of the Master of the Hunt worshiped in the High Forest, was hunted and killed by Malar who then subsumed his worship.[13]
- Ibrandul, a lesser god of caverns, was destroyed by Shar, who still masquerades as the dead deity.[14] The absorption of caverns and the Underdark into Shar's portfolio has attracted the wrath of Lolth who desires dominion over these realms.[citation needed]
- Moander, demigod of decay, was slain by Finder Wyvernspur.[15]
- Ramman, Untheric lesser god of war and storms, was slain by Hoar[3][16] by having one of his thunderous lightning attacks repelled back at him. But before Hoar could steal his portfolio, Ramman transferred it to Anhur of the Mulhorandi pantheon.[16]
- Waukeen, lesser goddess of wealth, attempted to reclaim her divinity during the Time of Troubles, leaving her portfolio in the care of Lliira, but was imprisoned in the Argent Palace, enslaved to the demon prince Graz'zt. It would be more than 10 years before she would finally be freed by adventurers, revitalizing her clergy.[17]
- The dragon goddess of magic, Kereska, entirely subsumed the worship and portfolio of Kalzareinad, a demigod of dragon magic. Kalzareinad died shortly thereafter.[18]
- 1358-10-15 - Myrkul, greater god of the dead and another of the Dead Three, was killed in a duel with Midnight, a mortal woman wielding the powers of Mystra, in the skies over the city of Waterdeep.[19]
However, death is anything but permanent in the Forgotten Realms, and many of these deities have in some way circumvented their own destruction:
- After Bane's death, his portfolio was divided among the newly anointed god Cyric and Bane's own half-demonic son Iyachtu Xvim. Upon the death of one of the greatest forces of evil in existence, all of Faerûn breathed a sigh of relief; however, in 1372 DR, Bane was resurrected, destroying Iyachtu Xvim and reestablishing his church.[3]
- Bhaal had already foreseen his own demise and had populated the world with scores of his own progeny in past years, all as part of a grand scheme for his own reincarnation.[3]
- Myrkul infused the sinister Crown of Horns with the remnants of his essence, and teleported it away. While its location was unknown, the semi-sentient artifact presumably was fomenting a plan for Myrkul's resurrection.[20] He also left behind a curse called the Spirit-eater, actually the half-destroyed soul of one of his Chosen.[21]
- Though Ao had decreed that none of the gods fallen during the Time of Troubles should be reinstated, a complex convergence of factors regarding Torm's death led the overgod to make a single exception in his case, resurrecting him and elevating him to the status of lesser god.[19]
- After a decade of isolation from her followers, Waukeen was freed from her prison in 1371 DR by a band of adventurers, and has resumed her place in the heavens.[17]
Furthermore, a selection of mortals were chosen by Lord Ao to ascend to the heavens to fill the void left by those deities who died:
- Cyric, a petty, sadistic mercenary, slew Bhaal with the sword Godsbane (actually the god Mask in disguise). After the end of the Time of Troubles, he was granted control of nearly all the portfolios of the Dead Three by Ao, making him briefly the most powerful of the gods.[22][3]
- Kelemvor, a sullen adventurer and companion of Cyric and Midnight, was killed by Cyric with Godsbane, but his soul was hidden by Mask[3] and unintentionally gained the portfolio of death by defeating Cyric with the help of Godsbane in the Year of the Banner (1368 DR), ten years after the Time of Troubles.[23] He then strove to change the horrifying image of death promoted by his predecessors.[24]
- After her death, the goddess Mystra entrusted her essence with the young mage Midnight, who ascended after the Time of Troubles as the new Mystra.[3]
- The exceptional adventurer Finder Wyvernspur absorbed and adapted Moander's portfolio, and became of the cycle of life.[25]
Finally, Lord Ao lifted the barrier that prevented the Mulhorandi god-kings from reuniting with their divine selves on the Outer Planes. The physical incarnations of the Mulhorandi gods departed Faerûn and left governance of the empire to mortal rulers under their guidance.[26]
Thanks to the efforts of Midnight, Cyric, Kelemvor, and the cleric Adon, Ao recovered the Tablets of Fate. However, the Overgod himself destroyed the tablets, grinding them into powder.[27] This act unraveled the laws of Realmspace and began the chaotic period of time known as the Era of Upheaval.[28]
Other Appearances[]
Aside from those slain or risen to divinity, several deities' avatars appeared all over Toril.
- The gods of the Kara-Turan and Maztican pantheons appeared on Toril, but most of them kept a much lower profile compared to the deities of other pantheons, either hiding or seeing to personal business.[7]
- The whereabouts of the Elemental Lords — Akadi, Grumbar, Istishia, and Kossuth — during this time were unknown, as none of them were spotted in the Realms.[29][30]
- Aerdrie Faenya and Shaundakul initiated a romantic relationship.[citation needed]
- Anhur appeared in Serôs. Battled and defeated Sekolah in the Alamber Sea.[31]
- Azuth kept a portion of Mystra's divine essence, stored in a statue of her, safe in the Pool of Yeven.[32]
- The avatars of Clangeddin and Labelas fought all over Ruathym with Labelas winning the conflict.[citation needed]
- Deep Duerra masqueraded as the regent of Underspires, creating an elite army that went on to attack Ironfang Deep, Undraeth, and expanded the city's territory.[citation needed]
- Eilistraee appeared in the High Forest, in the location which became known as Darkmaiden's Leap. The goddess appeared to rescue a group of drow refugees and lead them to the safety of the temple of the Promenade[33]
- Eldath spent a lot of time with Mielikki and the two were seen embracing as sisters.[34]
- Garagos Slaughtered many people in Westgate's harbour district before wading into the sea.[citation needed]
- Gond washed up on the shores of Lantan in the form of a gnome. His true nature quickly discovered, the Lantanna sheltered and worshiped him until the crisis had passed.[35][36][3]
- Gwaeron Windstrom hunted Malar through The north when he appeared there.[13]
- Hoar retrieved a cache of weapons from under Thaymount (while avoiding the schemes of a Red Wizard called the Masked One) with which he armed and mobilized the army of Akanax to attack Cimbar, Soorenar and Luthcheq. This sparked a greater civil war in Chessenta until they rallied behind Hoar to attack Unther and the church of Ramman.[citation needed]
- Ilsensine appeared in Oryndoll, inspiring citizens to great levels of ingenuity and the creation of the religious 'Venerator' faction.[37]
- Lolth briefly appeared in Menzoberranzan, granting Yvonnel Baenre the power to destroy House Oblodra after the crisis.[38]
- Bane assumed Loviatar to be in Waterdeep, where he planned to send his chosen emissary, Tempus Blackthorne, to summon her.[39]
- Milil stayed in Arbalest's House, a temple dedicated to him in the city of Athkatla, and founded a singing circle.[40]
- Nobanion fought and defeated Malar in the Gulthmere Forest.[13]
- Sekolah appeared in Serôs.[31]
- Selvetarm rampaged through the drow city of Eryndlyn, attacking followers of Vhaeraun and Ghaunadaur until their combined cults drove him off into the wild Underdark.[citation needed]
- Set forged an alliance of convenience with Tiamat after her resurrection.[citation needed]
- Shar appeared in Waterdeep, imprisoning and impersonating her twin sister Selûne. The Moonmaiden was eventually freed by her followers[41] and Shar retreated into Undermountain where she attacked and killed Ibrandul.[citation needed] The Dark Goddess later tried to subsume Sharess in Calimport as well but was foiled.[42]
- Shiallia worked to undo the damage Malar had caused during his hunts, forging an alliance with Gwaeron Windstrom.[citation needed]
- Siamorphe was rumored to have manifested in the Assumbar villa in Waterdeep, protecting many North Ward and Sea Ward buildings from Myrkul's Legion.[43]
- After battling Ubtao in Chult, Sseth entered a deep sleep. A sarrukh priest trapped Sseth on the Abyss and prevented him from waking up, allowing Set to usurp Sseth’s worship.[citation needed]
- Sune saved Sharess from assassination at the hands of Shar and then freed her from the influence and corruption of the Lady of Loss.[42]
- Tempus appeared in Battledale and Mistledale. He also slew a drow lich named Malyk in the Underdark beneath Shadowdale.[citation needed]
- The avatar of Tymora appeared in Suzail[44] and then traveled to the Lady's House, a temple devoted to her worship in Arabel. She protected that city during the crisis.[45]
- Tyr was blinded by Ao's rage at the theft of the Tablets of Fate and then chose not to heal his eyes.[citation needed]
- Umberlee wandered the seas surrounding the Pirate Isles attacking any pirates she met with storms[46]. She also secretly appeared in the Trackless Sea after foreseeing the return of Iakhovas to make Slarkrethel her seraph.[citation needed]
- Urdlen attacked several rural gnome communities, leaving the curse of lycanthropy in his wake which turned the survivors into weremoles.[47]
- The Red Knight, a little-known servant of Tempus, appeared as an avatar, and possessed the mortal Kaitlin Tindall Bloodhawk. She led a group of adventurers called the Order of the Red Falcon in battle against a horde of monsters in Tethyr. After the war she built the Citadel of Strategic Militancy in honor of her family and the Red knight.[48]
Dates of Note[]
- The first three books of the Avatar series occur from Kythorn 1 to Marpenoth 15.
- Ao cast the gods down in the early evening of Kythorn 15.
- Helm destroyed Mystra for attempting to ascend the Celestial Stairway on Midsummer.
- Bane and the Celestial Stairway were destroyed on Flamerule 18.
- Myrkul brought back Bane into Fzoul Chembryl on Flamerule 25.
- Bane and Torm destroyed each other on Eleasis 13.
- Cyric slew Bhaal on Eleint 26.
- Myrkul was slain by Midnight on Marpenoth 15.
- Midnight and Cyric ascended to godhood on Marpenoth 15.
Lasting effects[]
- Wild and Dead-magic zones, areas where magic behaved erratically or ceased to function, were lasting effects of the Time of Troubles.[49] Some referred to them as "The Legacy of Helm."[50]
- Public opinion on the Church of Helm significantly worsened in the North due to the havoc wreaked there. Direct worship of the faith decreased, while persecution of its followers increased.[50][51]
- Mortals became aware of Ao's existence, leading to the development of many short-lived cults, with the longest lasting being the Cult of Ao in Waterdeep and their temple Cynosure.[52][53]
- The stricture that all dwarven priests must be the same gender as their god was relaxed.[54]
- With the Mulhorandi pantheon reunited with their divine essence on the Outer Planes, their mortal incarnations or "lesser avatars" lost their innate divinity, leaving Horustep III as the first truly mortal pharaoh of Mulhorand.[26]
- Because of the destruction of the Tablets of Fate, the planar barrier that separated the worlds of Abeir and Toril weakened, and both worlds began to exchange small, almost imperceptible parts of their lands between them.[55]
- Some denizens of the Outer Planes theorized that the gods of Realmspace became interested in becoming multi-spheric because of the heavy-handed methods used by Ao during the Time of Troubles.[56]
- The amount of accessible incarnum increased dramatically throughout the Realms.[57]
- The Winding Water became poisoned by the absorbed essence of Bhaal, turning jet black and foul smelling. The taint spanned from Boareskyr Bridge to Trollclaw Ford.[11]
Appendix[]
Appearances[]
- Adventures
- Avatar series (Shadowdale • Tantras • Waterdeep)
- Referenced only
- For Duty & Deity
- Novels
- Avatar series (Shadowdale • Tantras • Waterdeep) • The Summoning
- Referenced only
- The Nether Scroll • Crucible: The Trial of Cyric the Mad
- Comics
- Avatar series (Shadowdale • Tantras • Waterdeep)
- Video Games
- Referenced only
- Baldur's Gate series
External links[]
Time of Troubles article at the Baldur's Gate Wiki, a wiki for the Baldur's Gate games.
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brian R. James, Ed Greenwood (September 2007). The Grand History of the Realms. Edited by Kim Mohan, Penny Williams. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 142. ISBN 978-0-7869-4731-7.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 271. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 264. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Eric L. Boyd (September 1997). Powers & Pantheons. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 3. ISBN 978-0786906574.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 23. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Scott Ciencin (April 1989). Shadowdale. (TSR, Inc.), chap. 0, pp. 1–8. ISBN 0-8803-8730-0.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ed Greenwood (2018-10-13). Time of Troubles - Pantheons Beyond Faerûn (Tweet). theedverse. Twitter. Archived from the original on 2021-08-13. Retrieved on 2021-08-13.
- ↑ R.A. Salvatore (November 2006). Siege of Darkness. (Wizards of the Coast).
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 265. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ Scott Ciencin (April 1989). Shadowdale. (TSR, Inc.), chap. 7, pp. 141–151. ISBN 0-8803-8730-0.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 45. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd, Erik Mona (May 2002). Faiths and Pantheons. Edited by Gwendolyn F.M. Kestrel, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 108. ISBN 0-7869-2759-3.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 105. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 72. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd, Erik Mona (May 2002). Faiths and Pantheons. Edited by Gwendolyn F.M. Kestrel, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 94. ISBN 0-7869-2759-3.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Thomas M. Costa. The Alabaster Staff: A History of Unther (HTML). Books Publishing Archive. Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved on 2021-01-23.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Eric L. Boyd, Erik Mona (May 2002). Faiths and Pantheons. Edited by Gwendolyn F.M. Kestrel, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 87. ISBN 0-7869-2759-3.
- ↑ Dale Donovan (January 1998). Cult of the Dragon. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 120. ISBN 0-7869-0709-6.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Troy Denning (July 2003). Waterdeep. (Wizards of the Coast). ISBN 0-7869-3111-6.
- ↑ Sean K. Reynolds, Duane Maxwell, Angel McCoy (August 2001). Magic of Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 171. ISBN 0-7869-1964-7.
- ↑ Obsidian Entertainment (September 2007). Designed by Kevin D. Saunders. Neverwinter Nights 2: Mask of the Betrayer. Atari.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 240. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ James Lowder (August 1993). Prince of Lies. (Wizards of the Coast). ISBN 1-56076-626-3.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 243. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd, Erik Mona (May 2002). Faiths and Pantheons. Edited by Gwendolyn F.M. Kestrel, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 93. ISBN 0-7869-2759-3.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Eric L. Boyd (September 1997). Powers & Pantheons. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 96. ISBN 978-0786906574.
- ↑ Troy Denning (July 2003). Waterdeep. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 331–332. ISBN 0-7869-3111-6.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Erin M. Evans, Paul S. Kemp, R.A. Salvatore, Richard Lee Byers, Troy Denning, James Wyatt (August 21th, 2012). What is the Sundering? (Part 1). Retrieved on September 7th, 2017.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb and Ed Greenwood (1990). Forgotten Realms Adventures. (TSR, Inc), p. 36. ISBN 0-8803-8828-5.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), pp. 24, 66, 78, 88. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Steven E. Schend (1999). Sea of Fallen Stars. (TSR, Inc), p. 72. ISBN 0-7869-1393-2.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood (1989). Tantras (adventure). (TSR, Inc). ISBN 0-88038-739-4.
- ↑ Thomas M. Reid, Sean K. Reynolds (Nov. 2005). Champions of Valor. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 133–135. ISBN 0-7869-3697-5.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 57. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 62. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb and Ed Greenwood (1990). Forgotten Realms Adventures. (TSR, Inc), p. 20. ISBN 0-8803-8828-5.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (November 1999). Drizzt Do'Urden's Guide to the Underdark. Edited by Jeff Quick. (TSR, Inc.), p. 78. ISBN 0-7869-1509-9.
- ↑ Brian R. James, Eric Menge (August 2012). Menzoberranzan: City of Intrigue. (Wizards of the Coast). ISBN 978-0786960361.
- ↑ Scott Ciencin (April 1989). Shadowdale. (TSR, Inc.), chap. 12, pp. 251–252. ISBN 0-8803-8730-0.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 117. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (June 2005). City of Splendors: Waterdeep. (Wizards of the Coast), p. ?. ISBN 0-7869-3693-2.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Eric L. Boyd (September 1997). Powers & Pantheons. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 52. ISBN 978-0786906574.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (September 1997). Powers & Pantheons. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 60. ISBN 978-0786906574.
- ↑ Jeff Grubb and Ed Greenwood (1990). Forgotten Realms Adventures. (TSR, Inc), p. 1. ISBN 0-8803-8828-5.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Julia Martin, Jeff Grubb (1993). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 2nd edition (revised), A Grand Tour of the Realms. (TSR, Inc), p. 45. ISBN 1-5607-6617-4.
- ↑ Steven E. Schend (1999). Sea of Fallen Stars. (TSR, Inc), p. 7. ISBN 0-7869-1393-2.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (November 1998). Demihuman Deities. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), pp. 158–159. ISBN 0-7869-1239-1.
- ↑ Thomas M. Reid, Sean K. Reynolds (Nov. 2005). Champions of Valor. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 103. ISBN 0-7869-3697-5.
- ↑ Ed Greenwood, Jeff Grubb (April 1998). Cormyr: A Novel. (TSR, Inc.), p. 287. ISBN 0-7869-0710-X.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 Jeff Grubb and Ed Greenwood (1990). Forgotten Realms Adventures. (TSR, Inc), p. 21. ISBN 0-8803-8828-5.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 69. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. (TSR, Inc.), p. 30. ISBN 978-0786903849.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (June 2005). City of Splendors: Waterdeep. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 96. ISBN 0-7869-3693-2.
- ↑ Eric L. Boyd (November 1998). Demihuman Deities. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 42. ISBN 0-7869-1239-1.
- ↑ Bruce R. Cordell, Ed Greenwood, Chris Sims (August 2008). Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-7869-4924-3.
- ↑ Colin McComb (October 1996). On Hallowed Ground. Edited by Ray Vallese. (TSR, Inc.), p. 168. ISBN 0-7869-0430-5.
- ↑ Eytan Bernstein (2007-08-08). Incarnum. Class Chronicles. Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2020-05-15. Retrieved on 2016-05-21.